Rabbis Ethics Initiative Hits Pico-Robertson

The Jewish Journal reports:

But Peulat Sachir organizers are preparing for a wave of criticism nonetheless. Much of the debate over the initiative revolves around one question: Is labor ethics a Jewish issue?

Fine, the owner of Pat’s Restaurant and Catering, thinks it is.

“Rabbis should get involved in more than kashrut,” he said. “I think [the initiative] is important — the community would know that the businesses they support are cognizant of correct business practices.”

But businesses are mandated to uphold labor laws anyway, said Gagy Shagalow, owner of Munchies on Pico Boulevard. An initiative led by religious leaders would have no added benefit to the community, he said.

“This is up to the law — it’s not up to the rabbanim to get involved in legal issues,” Shagalow said. “Either you follow the law or you don’t. The state takes care of businesses that don’t follow the law. It’s not a Jewish issue.”

Muskin and the other rabbis involved disagree. They say Judaism should not be confined to the synagogue, and point out that traditional Jewish law extends to marketplace regulation.

Choshen Mishpat, a text that outlines business ethics, is a heavily studied section of halachah (Jewish law), Muskin said. Members of the Jewish community are required to obey the “laws of the land” (Choshen Mishpat, 369:11), and the Torah commands employers to pay workers promptly and accurately because their lives depend on it (Deuteronomy 24:15).

“We have an obligation, as Jews, to be a light unto the nations and to set an example of ethical and moral behavior in all walks of life,” Korobkin said. “We’re supposed to be as observant in our offices and our homes as we are in our synagogues. For an observant Jew, his observance should be manifest in the way that he runs his business — not just in whether or not he wears a kippah or eats kosher food.”

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Topless Bathing Ban Sought In Australia

On Aussie beaches, about a fifth of the women are topless. It’s quite a sight to behold. It’s sort of like walking in Beverly Hills and seeing all the luxurious sporty cars revving around. It makes one very hungry to connect.

But down under, conservatives and Christians are trying to spoil the fun. I suspect the Torah would be on their side. Is an Orthodox Jew allowed to go to the beach when many of the hot chicks are topless? I don’t think I want to know the answer to that question. Oh, the humanity!

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Torah Portion Roundup

Steve Brizel writes:

The Mandatory Half Shekel

  • R. Yitzchak Adlerstein, based upon the teachings of the Nesivos Shalom, illustrates how and why personal growth is dependent on partnering with the greater community of Klal Yisrael: link
  • Why Every Jew Counts

  • R. Shlomo Riskin reminds us that while we are forbidden to take a census, every Jew counts as a member of the Jewish People: link
  • Inclusiveness

  • R. Berel Wein urges us to emulate the model of the Chelbanah as understood by Rashi in outreach activities that inspire observance without insisting upon maximal demands and preconditions: link
  • Shabbos and Mikdash

  • R. Yitzchak Etshalom and R. Avigdor Nevenzal explain the relationship between Shabbos and Mikdash: link 1, link 2
  • The Importance of a Proper Appreciation of Shabbos

  • R. Baruch Simon, based upon different commentaries understanding of a Mechiltah, explains why the proper observance of Shabbos is a critical aspect of a Torah observant Jew’s life and role of Shabbos observance in hastening the redemption: link 1 (audio), link 2 (audio)
  • Mishkan-Lchatchilah or Bdieved

  • R. Yitzchak Levi provides an in depth look at this critical issue in Parshanut: link 1, link 2, link 3
  • The Episode of the Golden Calf

  • R. Berel Wein urges us to learn never to solely trust our own judgments, conclusions and prescience: link
  • R. Yisocher Frand, based upon an essay of R Avigdor Nevenzal, explains that the transgression of Klal Yisrael was the jettisoning by Klal Yisrael of the authority of Moshe Rabbeinu and that the Parah Adumah atoned for the Golden Calf: link
  • R. Soloveitchik zt"l and R. Efraim Buchwald analyze Moshe Rabbeinu’s reaction to the challenge presented by the erection of the Golden Calf: link 1, link 2
  • R. Aharon Lichtenstein probes why Moshe Rabbeinu shattered the tablets of the covenant: link
  • R. David Horwitz, based upon the view of the Kuzari, explores the role of Aharon HaKohen in the episode of the Golden Calf and explains the difference between a Divine Commandment in the construction of the Cherubim and the transgression of a negative commandment in the construction of the Golden Calf: link
  • R. Ezra Bick shows how Moshe Rabbeinu’s reaction to the Golden Calf was a watershed event in Jewish history: link
  • R. Avraham Gordimer explains why prohibitons relating to Chametz and Basar Vchalav follow the Episode of the Golden Calf: link
  • R. Dovid Hirsch, based upon the tragic demise of Chur, urges us to use the Halacha properly and explores how the observance of Shabbos serves as an atonement for the Golden Calf: link (audio)
  • Rabbi Gidon Rothstein writes: Americans pride themselves on their religiosity, with surveys trumpeting the percentages who believe in God. At the same time, the public discussion of issues facing this country—for now, that means the recession/depression and the stimulus—leave God out as a factor in how we shape our actions. I would have thought, a priori, that belief implies a continuing attempt to both understand and follow God’s Will, but that is not so in this or any other Western country.

    This is particularly distressing when it comes to Orthodox Jews, since this is so ingrained in our tradition of how to react to times of trouble. For one quick example, Rambam opens Hilchot Taaniyot by asserting a Torah commandment to respond to communal troubles by calling out to Hashem (and blowing the hatzotzrot).

    CYBERDOVE POSTS TO HIRHURIM: The way I see it, this is reflected in observations made recently in the media that people are discovering that there is more to life than consumption.
    This is couched in non-religious language, but one with a religious perspective might recognize that in a sense this is one of the things that God may want from us as a society.

    MJ POSTS: There is a worldwide economic crisis that is affecting billions of people much more severely than the tiny, sufficiently affluent, Orthodox Jewish community — but it is really all a message for us? The navel gazing never ends.

    Well, if there is a message "for us" maybe it is that we have become as avaricious and callous as our fellow Consumers, without regard to the suffering and exploitation of the poor and weak. But then, you don’t have to read too far into the prophets to get that message loud and clear.

    Just in case these hard times make anyone feel like tuning out the message and engaging in some escapist fantasy about what the messianic era might be like (or, say, if there was a murder in the Third Temple) remember that it was those prophets who told our ancestors that their sacrifices were despised, their fasting ineffectual, when the starving and oppressed were ignored in favor of "piety".

    ANON POSTS: The meltdown was caused by greed (banks and consumers), and this is our punishment. You can attribute it to God directly, or maybe more indirectly, that its all kind of naturally built into the way the world works. That kind of theodicy explanation is difficult for example with a tsunami, but with the meltdown it works very well. The meltdown was a direct and very ‘natural’ result of the greed.

    DAGANEV POSTS: I have heard many say that this crisis is a response to the spreading of atheism and our failure to properly respond to it.

    GIDON ROTHSTEIN POSTS: Greed? Was that all of it? What about the failure to protest, the failure to be interested in what other people were doing enough to stop them? What about the fac that charities have suffered tremendously as well– were they greedy? To really understand this would involve picking each piece apart and thinking about it, not just tossing off some general comment like ‘greed’.

    Y. AHARON POSTS: Greed is what makes capitalism works. If you are against greed then you are against capitalism. – Gil

    Is that an objection or a confirmation? I hope that R’ Gil is not conflating capitalism with some kind of religious value. While the torah and halacha recognize the right to private property, it tempers an unfettered marketplace with laws regarding honest weights and dealings, as well as the obligations for sharing wealth via the maaserot, leket-shikcha-peah, and shmitta. To this must be added Shlomo’s admonitions against speculation, in Mishle. Rav Belsky’s comments about what and what can’t be done in investing charitable monies that were cited in an earlier post is very germane, despite R’ Gil’s demurral.

    The issue of regulation or non-regulation of the market is the key to the serious problem at hand and a necessary part of the solution. While one can’t legislate against greed as a motivating force, one can and should regulate the expressions of such greed. There must be a divestment between banking which, necessarily, must be highly regulated to insure depositor safety and the taxpayers wallet should a bank fail, and the more loosely regulated investment firms. There is no excuse, however, for allowing institutions that are now deemed too big to fail. They should be broken up to insure that failures of banks and investment houses in the future don’t threaten the entire economy. The stupid risk games that they played to the misfortune of everyone except the leading players must not be allowed in the future. If allegedly independent oranizations such as bond raters don’t do their job because of conflicts of interest, then the government must step in. Such actions will not destroy capitalism in the US, it will save it – as was the case with the New Deal.

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    He Took Advantage Of His Position As A Blogger

    I’m glad I’ll never be susceptible to that charge.

    "You have nothing to lose!" I’m often told by people in positions of authority. They envy my freedom. I can speak my mind. I can engage with dangerous people. I don’t have to worry about my reputation.

    Can you imagine a woman complaining, "He took advantage of his position as a blogger. He writes about things that interest me. He writes in a way that toys with my heart. I was vulnerable and he took cruel advantage."

    As a kid, I felt powerless. I did not feel attunement. That was the word I learned in therapy today. When I fell and skinned my knee, everyone around me would be told, "He’s ok! He’s fine!" I was allowed to speak for myself.

    I hated feeling powerless. I hated feeling powerless towards the rabbis. I worked hard to remedy the situation. I hate placing myself in positions that feel powerless. I love my blog. I love being able to even the score. I love that I can explain myself and my feelings and my thoughts and my actions. I love that I can go on forever and that I have enough skills as a writer that I can suck people into my journey and take them along for the ride.

    According to this online dictionary, "attunement" means: " To bring into a harmonious or responsive relationship:"

    Thinking about this word, I realize the number of times that I am not attuned to others, that I ride roughshod over their needs in my pursuit of a laugh (or other more vulgar needs).

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    Marc Gafni On ‘The Mystery of Love’

    We talked for 45 minutes this afternoon about Marc Gafni‘s book "The Mystery of Love."

    Marc Gafni: "Levi, tell me how you enjoyed it. I’ve got the knife in my hand and I’m about to plunge it in… What part of the book spoke to you?"

    Luke: "It largely made me uncomfortable because I associate the erotic with sex…"

    Marc: "And the whole point of the book was disassociation."

    Luke: "I associate holy sex as only taking place within marriage while all the fun sex is outside of marriage but is a sin."

    Marc: "It sounds like you have been stuck in a classical double bind."

    Luke: "For me, eroticism equals sin."

    Marc: "Mystery of Love is a frum (religious) book."

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    A Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Relapse

    My CFS makes the outside world a frequently scary place because I am just not strong enough, much of the time, to tackle it.

    Despite all my yoga and Alexander Technique and healthy eating and meditation and therapy, I’ve been plunged into a relapse of my Chronic Fatigue Syndrome the past two weeks.

    I feel my body and head racing. It’s like my immune system has gone haywire and is waging a jihad against me. It’s like my internal motor is revving too high and the only thing I can do to bring it down is to lie down for days on end. I feel overwhelmed. I feel feverish. I feel frustrated and hopeless. How can I ever accomplish anything while feeling so bushed? I drag myself to Alexander Technique class every weekday but I don’t leave my hovel over the weekends, not even for shul. I have not gone to yoga in six days. I’ve just battened down the hatches and am trying to wait this thing out. It’s just so damn frustrating.

    I’ve always recovered from my CFS relapses but sometimes I’m weak for weeks on end. It makes it so hard to plan for my life. I sign up for yoga and then I’m too sick to go. I’d love to go back to school, but on days like this there’s no way I could walk to class and back, let alone keep up with the work load.

    (On the other hand, several of my classmates have been out sick for a week or more, so maybe I just got what they got and I am powering through it in the manly uncomplaining manner for which I am known.)

    As I was walking back to my car on Monday, I noticed that someone had smashed my right front mirror. I’ve spent two afternoons taking it to the shop to get fixed and they never have the right part. Now they say to bring it back Thursday. Meanwhile I am driving around without a right side mirror, my head hanging out the window, looking desperately for a chance to change lanes.

    My debts are up. My energy is down. My blog is dying.

    No woman, no cry.

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    Am I African-American?

    Boss calls. "Are you going to make calls tonight?"

    Luke: "Yeah."

    Boss: "I need to know. Are you going to make the calls?"

    Luke: "Yeah."

    Boss: "Did you have a stroke? Where’s the enthusiasm in your voice? You have to make the calls so I can get paid and you can get paid."

    Luke: "When’s my next check?"

    Boss: "I just paid you less than a month ago."

    Luke: "Yeah, but I’m putting in an awful lot of hours on your Facebook projects."

    Boss: "You need to see a dermatologist. There’s a startling amount of melatonin in your blood."

    Luke: "Why you say that?"

    Boss: "You’re black. You’re African-American. You have an African-American work ethic. You’re just like the inner city kids my mother worked with in the public school system. Now make the calls."

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    Union for Traditional Judaism Holds Conference On Child Abuse

    Here’s the press release: Reports are on the rise concerning incest and child abuse in yeshivas and days schools. Many deny it’s a problem. We strongly disagree.

    The Union for Traditional Judaism (UTJ) is hosting a special “awareness” program featuring rabbis and children advocates who stand on the forefront of combating this Chilul HaShem. The program is Sunday, March 15, from 9:30a.m. – 1:00p.m. at UTJ Headquarters, 811 Palisade Ave., Teaneck, N.J.

    LUKE SAYS: Here’s some background on Rabbi Mordecai Gafni who is a subject of the following blog comments. What strikes me is how little research Rabbi Saul Berman did while he was defending Gafni and then when he apologized for defending Gafni. At neither time did he have possession of the facts. In this example at least, Rabbi Berman (like Rabbi Joseph Telushkin) is reckless. Contrary to what Lisa and many others claim, it has not been "revealed that Gafni was indeed abusing women." There have been no criminal charges against Gafni (I don’t know what charges Gafni would face if he returned to Israel following the Bayit Chadash flame-out in 2006) and no civil lawsuits against him on these grounds. There are no independent witnesses to whatever went on between Gafni and various women. All we have is Gafni’s side and the women’s side (wikipedia). To make grand pronouncements in any direction on this seems reckless to me.

    Perhaps some people don’t understand The Mystery of Love.

    ROBERT POSTS TO HIRHURIM: I salute the UTJ for confronting this important issue. It is especialliy gratifying to see that prominent faculty members from the two other modern orthodox rabbinical schools, YU and YCT, are participating. To the credit of YCT, ever since its Director of Continuing Rabbinic Education, Rabbi Saul Berman, apologized for his strong public defense of sexual predator Mordechai Gafni, YCT has been at the forefront of addressing the phenomenon of sexual abuse in the Orthodox world.

    LISA POSTS: Rabbi Berman was the director of Edah, when he defended Mordechai Gafni in the Jewish Week. He was NOT affiliated with YCT at the time. He was only appointed the Director of Continuing Rabbinic Education at YCT after he profusely apologized. No one can question that he sincerely felt terrible after it was revealed that Gafni was indeed abusing women. In fact, Rabbi Berman even proclaimed that he felt indirectly responsible for the abuses that occurred following his defense of Gafni.

    HAROLD POSTS: Lisa, I beg to differ. One can question the sincerity of the apology. Remember, shortly after it was revealed that Rabbi Berman was terribly wrong, Edah folded. Without an apology, would YCT ever have offered him a job? Maybe he was truly sincere, maybe he had no choice but to apologize. And, on the subject of Edah, I always wondered why the Lanner Affair was never discussed at any JOFA or EDAH conference. After all, it was a perfect example of the old boys network protecting one of its own at the expense of the community. On other hand, since the OU president who had to resign in the wake of the scandal was a sibling of a prominent JOFA leader and donor, I can understand Rabbi Berman’s reticence to address the Lanner Affair.

    J. POSTS: The problem is that the real people who need to be having conferences about this are not those on the sidelines of modern orthodoxy, who never had that much of a hush hush policy to begin with, but rather the Charedi world. Every week I seem to come across another story of child abuse, and all we seem to come across is more sweeping under the rug and denial. The fact that a Chossid being tried in court for repeatedly raping his daughter has the support of leading Charedi Rabbonim is a shocking disgrace. The fact that some Charedi Rabbonim in London have recently issued a letter about how concerned they are about Government guidelines to prevent child abuse, which they consider non-tzniusdig is a joke – where were the letters protesting child rape by klei kodesh??!! The fact that there are Rabbonim and Charedi politicians trying to stop the extradition of Avremel Mondrowitz – who R. Avigdor Miller described as ‘the Jewish Hitler’, who sodomized tens if not hundreds of boys, CRIES OUT TO SHOMAYIM. Who protests the spilled blood and broken neshomes of our holy children??!! The problem is that the list goes on and on and on. How many more children will have to KILL THEMSELVES for people to do something???
    When the Bluzhever Rebbe was in a concentration camp and he heard the screams of a group of holy yiddishe kinderlach being lead to their deaths, he desribed how even the melochim were crying. Who cries for our children?

    F-P writes: I am semi-amused by the statement that "Many deny it’s a problem".

    No one denies that it’s a problem. I’ve read a lot of back-and-forth about this and never seen anyone claim that it’s not a problem.

    What people disagree about it the cost/benefit of various proposed solutions. This is not the same thing as denying it’s a problem.

    People who put out statements that they know to be false, such as this one, in order to demonize those who disagree with them, are a problem, IMHO. Although many deny it, of course.

    Mitch Morrison writes: Disclaimer: I am Noge’a B’davar in that i put in the ad. To F-P, I wish you were right but in the weeks i’ve been involved with this program i’ve been amazed by the many who are oblivious to this issue, as well as those who say this is a smear campaign by Modern Orthodox. At the same time, i’ve been approached by a number of victims who heard about this program, some of whom have never gone public because of fear of being shunned. one person who did try to go public was told he’d never have a shidduch. So unfortunately, i would politely disagree with you, although it wish you were right and that awareness were not an issue.

    F-P posts: Advocates like to point to people’s fear of being shunned as evidence that there is opposition in the community to publicizing the matter, and this is presumably your intention in bringing it up here. But IMHO, the main issue victims have, and the main reason they fear that they won’t get a shidduch, is the worry that people will see them as being so traumatized by their experiences as to impair their ability to have normal family and spousal relationships thereafter. Paradoxically, anti-abuse organizations actually magnify that problem, by emphasizing (& exagerating in many cases, IMHO) the trauma on victims, and by keeping the issue on the minds of the public.

    GEORGE POSTS: As far as Mr. Morrison’s comments go, I think that he should realize by now that by many modern orthodox Jews recognize that the UTJ is to the right of YCT on many issues (e.g. mixed keriah minyanim, mixed megillah minyanim, women reciting bircos hatorah on the Torah in women’s prayer services, progressive revelation, all of which UTJ opposes and YCT condones or actively supports). In that respect, I am not surprised that YCT has refused to work together with Rabbi Price but embraced Rabbi Berman despite his serious mistake. In the end, Rabbi Berman was a better match for YCT’s liberal student body than the more right-wing Rabbi Price. Believe it or not, some of Rabbi Price’s Talmidim do not accept the Teaneck Eruv and have taken upon themselves all sorts of other chumras.

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    Jewish Life In Europe

    From The Jerusalem Post:

    Widespread assimilation is the greatest threat to Jewish existence in Europe, the continent’s top rabbis concluded at their meeting in Paris last week, calling for a return to traditional Jewish family values and major rabbinical intervention.

    On the opposite side of the spectrum, party organizers Absolut-Events brings together well-to-do secular European single Jews for festivities at exotic locations.

    So who has the best approach? And is assimilation of European Jewry inevitable?

    "We need to keep the Jewish flame alive," said Serg Cwajgenbaum, secretary-general of the European Jewish Congress, which represents the 42 largest Jewish communities in Europe.

    "No one has the answer to the vast question of assimilation. It is a question with multiple right answers," including community strengthening on the part of the Orthodox rabbinate, Jewish education, secular identification with Israel, and membership in Jewish social clubs, Cwajgenbaum said.

    The Rabbinical Center of Europe’s three-day conference exploring the surging assimilation’s impact on the Jewish future ended on Wednesday. More than 300 rabbis attended the meeting, in which they studied how to approach issues including assimilation, anti-Semitism, terrorism, civil laws dealing with kosher slaughter in the face of recent European Commission inquiries, verification of Jewish identity with official documentation in Russia, and lay topics confronting Jews such as drug abuse and couples’ counseling.

    Israeli Chief Rabbis Shlomo Amar and Yona Metzger spoke at the conference and discussed the threats of assimilation and secularization in Israel, opening the discussion on civil marriage as a potential solution.

    Assimilation is "the greatest threat to the Jewish people today, more so than anti-Semitism and terrorism. It is extremely painful to accept as fact that precisely the continent in which the Jewish nation lost a third of its population [in the Holocaust], poses a hazard of a different type, [and] the danger of acculturation and assimilation obstruct its natural growth," said Tel Aviv Chief Rabbi Israel Meir Lau, who is also chairman of the Yad Vashem council and a former chief rabbi of Israel.

    MARC SCHNEIR WRITES:

    With the deserved uproar now fading over Pope Benedict’s lifting the excommunication of a Holocaust-denying bishop, the Vatican and the Jewish community are seemingly back in each other’s good graces. Indeed, all is well between Jews and the Church simply because it was already in a good place as a result of our dialogue with the Vatican over the past 50 years. We must now move beyond our myopic focus on Jewish-Christian relations and face the real challenge of the 21st century: Jewish-Muslim dialogue.

    Shifting gears will be anything but easy, however a reexamination and reassessment of interreligious dialogue is necessary. American Jews may not recognize the seriousness of the situation, but they only need to look to Europe to see what’s at stake – the recent phenomenon of Muslim anti-Semitism. The war in Gaza has brought about a sharp uptick in the number of attacks against Jews, but violence in France, Sweden, Britain, Denmark and other countries has been going on for years and should already have served as a wake-up call. British Jews are in a state of anxiety: There have been physical assaults on Jews in London, recent arson attacks on synagogues outside the capital and anti-Semitic graffiti scrawled in towns and cities all across the country. In Belgium, Jewish community leaders have received death threats.

    The need for Jewish-Muslim dialogue has never been greater.

    JTA REPORTS:

    The leadership of the Conservative movement’s synagogue arm has acceded to a request for an “urgent” meeting from a new coalition of clergy and laypeople to discuss new strategic directions for the organization.

    Ray Goldstein, the president of the United Synagogue for Conservative Judaism, told JTA that the meeting could take place as early as next week.

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    Torah ownership dispute goes to Superior Court in Los Angeles

    I covered this story two weeks ago.

    Duke Helfand writes in today’s Los Angeles Times:

    A rancorous legal fight over the rightful ownership of four Torahs has spilled from religious to civil courts in Los Angeles, with the widow of one Orthodox rabbi accusing another of stealing scrolls lent to him by her deceased husband.

    Once confined to an obscure Jewish legal system, the case of Pauker vs. Ohana is scheduled to go before a Superior Court judge next month, complete with accusations of legal misconduct, forgery and sheer chutzpah.

    As the largely private struggle over the sacred scrolls turns into a public brawl, one attorney is trying to disqualify his opposing counsel for allegedly violating professional rules of conduct. The parties also are squabbling over whether the civil case should proceed while a religious court in Israel considers an appeal filed after a Jewish court in Los Angeles ruled in the case.

    Jewish legal scholars called the public airing of the case highly unusual, noting the strict confidentiality observed by the religious courts. "Most parties comply with the order of a [rabbinical court] without bothering to have it confirmed," said Rabbi Michael Broyde, an Emory University law professor and a judge with the largest U.S. rabbinical court.

    The tug-of-war over the Torahs, now in its seventh year, pits the widow of Norman Pauker, an Orthodox rabbi from North Hollywood who once owned the scrolls, against his former assistant, Rabbi Samuel Ohana.

    JULIE FAX WRITES IN THE JEWISH JOURNAL:

    Rabbi Avrohom Union, executive director of the RCC beit din, confirms that the only appeal it allows is to ask the RCC itself to reconsider — which Sobel did and the RCC declined. Union and the other rabbis involved declined further comment on the unresolved case.

    In addition, Broyde — who has no knowledge of this case but was commenting on legal and halachic procedures in general — said appeal is very rarely an option in American law for decisions rendered in binding arbitration.

    Broyde says secular courts annul arbitration only when gross misconduct is involved — bribery, blatant bias or if the arbitrator is closely related to a litigant. In addition, a secular court cannot determine whether a Jewish court violated Jewish law and procedure, which is what Sobel claims in his brief.

    Sobel is pushing forward, saying the beit din ignored crucial evidence and that beit din judge Rabbi Nachum Sauer, one of the top Orthodox decisors in Los Angeles, should have recused himself from the case because he was quoted in a 2007 Daily News article about the dispute — an article Ohana says he didn’t know about.

    Cohen counters that the article was attached to a brief Cohen sent to Ohana two weeks before the case went to the beit din. By signing the arbitration agreement, Cohen says, Ohana agreed to Sauer’s participation.

    Whose Torahs Are They?

    The beit din’s terse decision in favor of Pauker does not elucidate how it arrived at its conclusions. The hearing was not recorded, but interviews with Pauker, Ohana, their attorneys and other parties paint a picture of the case and its history.

    The late Rabbi Pauker, who was previously a rabbi in Brooklyn and at Temple Judea in Los Angeles, purchased a shul from Rabbi Max Leader, opening Valley Congregation Mishkan Israel around 1975. The Orthodox congregation had a small Shabbat minyan — about 40 or so regulars — in a rented location in North Hollywood. Pauker’s High Holy Days services attracted about 400 people and were held at the Valley Cities Jewish Community Center until he retired in 1996.

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