‘The Erect Pen Has No Conscience’

I read that line in Richard Ellmann’s biography of Oscar Wilde. It is spot on. When my writing is flowing, I have no conscience. Nor should I in the creative phase. After I have written and started editing, then it is time to employ the conscience. The pen like the penis has no conscience in its creative stage. That does not mean that one should allow these impulses to rule, but it is certainly worth treating their predilections with respect.

If I meet a great girl who’s great for me in all respects except I can’t get erect with her, that’s important. She’s probably not the girl for me.

If my free-flowing typing writes some cruelty, it may not be worth publishing, but it is certainly worth my reading and contemplating.

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Almost No Christians Left In Middle East Muslim Countries

That’s because they are so persecuted there, said Dennis Prager in his second hour (echoing the words of the Pope).

"Islamophobia is phony. Christianphobia is real. Muslims are treated perfectly fine in the United States of America. That’s why they move here, Britain, Denmark, Sweden. But the number of Swedes moving to a Muslim country are small."

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RCA’s Feel Good Resolutions

Michael posts to Hirhurim: Nice feel-good stuff, but really no meat to any of them. The sad thing is that they will likely be ignored by their own membership and OU-affiliated shuls. The smachot in my neighborhood are still over the top, giving kibbudim only to exemplars of ethics? Right.

And the new media reso comes rather late considering all the venomous rhetoric from top YU-affiliated Rabbaim against Rabbis Berman and Weiss (unless it is intended only for anti-RCA articles).

The opposition to any model of education other than day schools (as opposed to making day schools the primary with other options as needed) is disappointing because the one-size-fits-all approach does not work and never has. The OU’s proposals for cost cutting (see comments to the earlier post) do not add up and most schools that I know have few expensive frills to begin with. The biggest expenses are salaries — shall we cut teacher’s salaries? They already get such a low salary that it is hard to attract good teachers – just ask any principal. When building new or doing a major renovation, building green will have a major impact on operating costs, but mostly in the long term (that helps because capital campaign funds are easier to raise than operating funds). But the community needs alternatives, so the all out opposition to charter schools or a revamped talmud torah program IN SELECT AREAS, is, imo, short sighted and damaging.

JOEL RICH POSTS: "Interesting juxtaposition of the call for transparency and the desire to keep internal RCA dialog internal."

Y. Aharon posts: I agree that actions are required as well as words. Being that the RCA is the rabbinic arm of the OU, it should prevail upon the parent organization to disclose its income from kashrut and how those large amounts of money are spent. Since day-school education is deemed vital for the continuation of Orthodoxy, it is of interest to learn how much money, if any, the OU contributes or is prepared to contribute to such schools.

MJ posts: Can they just come out and say that the NCYI needs to fold? It’s a redundant, non transparent, meddling organization.

HAGTBG posts: I agree that its hard to take this seriously. The only thing the RCA here said it would itself do is that its members would try to first yell at each other in private before doing it in public.

ANON POSTS: I have mixed feelings about the ethics resolution. On the one hand, this is a great resolution and is long over due. I have great respect for the overwhelming majority of the Rabbis of the RCA and I believe that they honestly believe in the language set forth in the resolution.

However, the hypocrisy of the few leaders of the previous RCA administration is astounding and this would be comical if it were not so serious. As has been discussed on this blog before, they are well aware that a Rabbi on their most important halachik committee (the Vaad Haposkim) has publicly told people that they could engage in tax evasion. In addition, this same Rabbi tells people that you can steal from gentiles and that one can ignore all of the halachos in the Shulchan Aruch to the contrary on the theory that these laws were probably only codified because of fear of the goyim. Of course he says that you should not engage in such behavior if there is material chance that you will get caught.

How could the RCA ask shuls and schools to give up funds from a donor who engaged in unethical behavior when they have no problem with having a Rabbi on their Vaad Haposkim who tells people that they can ignore the halachos in Choshen Mishpat that prohibit such behavior? The RCA resolution is wonderful but the real question is whether they will abide by it themselves.

I hope that this resolution was not drafted by the RCA leadership that was involved in this issue, because if it was no one could take it seriously, and it is obviously a PR stunt that they do not belive in.

SR POSTS: I too am very troubled by the fact that the RCA is preaching (properly) about the issue of ethics in monetary matters, and yet there is a problem in the organization about this very matter which would be an incredible chilul hashem if the Jewish Week would do a story on this. It seems that the only way the RCA will get its own house in order on this matter is when an expose appears, and then we will hear all the apologies. This same thing happened with the OU and the Lanner scandal. The OU was warned over and over to clean up their house. They refused and when it finally made the papers, we all know what happened.

HONESTLY FRUM POSTS: At their most recent convention the RCA put forth a number of resolutions. One of them deals with ethics in business and how communities should not give honor to those who are known to engage in questionable business practices. We should commend the RCA membership for passing this resolution.

I know that there are members of the RCA that read this blog and I ask you this: will you follow your own guidelines and give kavod to a Rabbi who tells people that they can engage in unethical behavior? As I have blogged about on a number of times in the past, it is well known that a number of years ago R. Dovid Cohen from Brooklyn was brought to Bergenfield for shabbos and during a question and answer session he said publicly that if there is no material chance of getting caught then there is no issur in cheating on ones taxes. Further when questioned on this privately, he said that theft from gentiles is also permissible and that one can ignore the halachos in shulchan aruch regarding tax evasion and gezel akum because these halachos were probably only codified because of fear of the goyim.

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The Marriage Hunter Bra

From China Daily: A model displays lingerie maker Triumph International’s new "Konkatsu Bra", literally meaning "marriage hunting" bra, during an unveiling in Tokyo May 13, 2009. The bra features a marriage countdown clock showing the marriage deadline set by the wearer and when an engagement ring is inserted between the cups the melody of "The Wedding March" is played to celebrate the engagement. The characters on the bra read, "now hunting for a husband".

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Big Surprise That A Machine Politician From Chicago Turned Out To Be Corrupt And Lawless

George Will writes:

The Troubled Assets Relief Program, which has not yet been used for its supposed purpose (to purchase such assets from banks), has been the instrument of the administration’s adventure in the automobile industry. TARP’s $700 billion, like much of the supposed "stimulus" money, is a slush fund the executive branch can use as it pleases. This is as lawless as it would be for Congress to say to the IRS: We need $3.5 trillion to run the government next year, so raise it however you wish — from whomever, at whatever rates you think suitable. Don’t bother us with details.

This is not gross, unambiguous lawlessness of the Nixonian sort — burglaries, abuse of the IRS and FBI, etc. — but it is uncomfortably close to an abuse of power that perhaps gave Nixon ideas: When in 1962 the steel industry raised prices, President John F. Kennedy had a tantrum and his administration leaked rumors that the IRS would conduct audits of steel executives, and sent FBI agents on predawn visits to the homes of journalists who covered the steel industry, ostensibly to further a legitimate investigation.

The Obama administration’s agenda of maximizing dependency involves political favoritism cloaked in the raiment of "economic planning" and "social justice" that somehow produce results superior to what markets produce when freedom allows merit to manifest itself, and incompetence to fail. The administration’s central activity — the political allocation of wealth and opportunity — is not merely susceptible to corruption, it is corruption.

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The Torah Is A Great Guide For Finding Balance In Life

One of the things that I love about a Torah life is the guidance you get. You get time allocated to holy things and to being social and to study and most of the rest is devoted to work.

I confess that while I was preparing this post, my computer moved more slowly than I would like, leading me to say, "F—! What the f—, man?"

Yirmi posts to Hirhurim:

When it comes to finding balance between our daily pursuits in life, Rebbe Nachman’s metaphor ("Life is a narrow bridge; the main thing is not to be afraid") may not work very well, but according to other interpretations, it’s quite appropriate. The way I read it, you should always have emunah, and never fear anything in the world except for Hashem. We should always be striving to feel closeness, yearning, love, devekut, to Hashem. Studying Torah, or doing any mitzvah (or anything else), is much less valuable if while you’re doing it you forget that Hashem exists. Rebbe Nachman taught to make our Torah studies into prayers — while learning, we should pray that we can fulfill the teaching. I think it was the Besht, maybe someone else, who would go around whispering in his students’ ears that Hashem exists, so they would retain devekut while learning. Also, while working to make a living we should always have in mind that we are working so we can afford Tzedakah, and other mitzvot like honoring Shabbat and educating our children in Torah.

Of course we should try to increase the time we spend learning, but what about also increasing the time we spend doing mitzvot? What about 3 hours working, 3 hours studying, then 3 hours doing mitzvot (volunteering, helping a neighbor, dispensing tzedakah, healing the sick, teaching, etc.), a hour doing hitbodedut, an hour exercising, and then time with family? Hitbodedut, both personal prayer and meditation, is a great mitzvah that many neglect. Exercise is a mitzvah, since it helps us accomplish the mitzvah to take care of our health.

Right now it seems that modern orthodox spend little time learning, despite the vast importance of this mitzvah, and haredim spend little time working, despite the requirements of Pirkei Avot and the promise in the Ketubah to provide for our families. Are there signs of a movement toward greater balance? How can this be accomplished? We need to find ways to work part time and study part time, despite the cost of living. This is not just personal — it’s social, structural, cultural. We need a movement of balance and variety. Each person needs to find their own balance, what they’re good at and what they can do, but we as a society (or a group of societies) need to enable it somehow.

JADED TOPAZ POSTS: While being a lovely concept in theory or fairy tales, "inner balance" is generally for laid back pipe smoking, kabbalah quoting Breslov hippies in faraway lands that dont include New York.
I dont think this spiritual bliss formula is for every personality.
For instance, have you ever seen litigators and successful lawyers looking to achieve this inner balance.
Not everyone is the mediator.

Its clearly a personality thing.Not every personality can accomodate balance.

One can be fearless and driven and very successful without the need to achieve inner spiritual bliss and balance.

For some, there is nothing more annoying than "laid back".

"Soul correction" and "meditation" are not concepts I can relate to.
I like the logical/analytical scholars/thinkers, as opposed to the rational/philosophical ones.
So I wont be filling the Rambam’s prescription for hour long meditation sessions TID.
There are no definitive answers for "pausing to think about life and purpose" even if one "focuses their heart" on it.
And even if one meditates often and runs after many different rebbes.

SHLOMO POSTS: When I was at Gush a few years back, I remember someone asking, "If RAL’s philosophy is to value both torah and madda, then why in recent years has he spent almost no time on madda?"

This question really rubbed me the wrong way. Is there really a requirement to devote a certain number of hours each day to each thing you find important? Does it not make more sense to direct your efforts at whatever priority is most urgent? Clearly the Rambam did not originally think that Torah was more important, then reconsider and decide that medicine was more important. Rather, at each point he addressed what he saw as the more pressing need. The same is true of RAL in a broader sense: It would be inefficient for a rosh yeshiva to spend half his time investigating medieval literature, or a professor (like RAL almost became) to be constantly preparing sichot mussar. That does not mean that the rosh yeshiva and professor have different values, just that they are dividing the labor between them.

This seems like the right opportunity to examine what Aristotle actually meant by the middle path:

"To have these feelings (fear, anger, pity) at the right times on the right occasions towards the right people for the right motive and in the right way is to have them in the right measure, that is somewhere between the extremes." [Quoted in A.K. Griffin, "Aristotle’s philosophy of conduct", London, 1931]

Thus, the middle path does not mean avoiding extreme emotions. Rather, it means taking each extreme some of the time, whenever appropriate. In truly extreme circumstances, it would imply constantly extreme rather than "balanced" behavior.

(The Rambam’s attitude to anger fits much better in this framework. He is saying that, in practice, there is no appropriate time for anger. Not that the ideal of the middle path has exceptions.)

There is still something to be said for balance in life as a way of not getting "out of touch" with the world around you. And beyond all the above factors, one must know practical halacha, and frequent Torah study of some sort generally is a core component of one’s ever-present relationship with God. But those considerations allow for much more flexibility than does the ideal of having "balance" at every moment of your life.

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Can You Order A Miracle?

On the front of RabbiAriKahn.com, the rabbi debunks voodoo Judaism whereby if you do certain rituals at a certain place and recite certain things, you can get a shiduch (marriage) or a job etc.

Anything that does not make sense is outside of Judaism. Baking a key into your challah will not cause you to earn more money. Davening for 40 days by the kotel reciting certain Psalms will not bring you closer to getting a shidduch. Eating an apple with honey on Rosh Hashanah will do nothing to insuring that you will have a sweet year. Asking God to save you from bankruptcy will not do you any good financially. It may do your soul good to pour yourself out to God, but as Dennis Prager says, God is not a celestial butler.

If God says to do something, it is a mitzvah, but the reward of a mitzvah is a mitzvah.

Joe emails: You missed the subtlety of the class, (or you simply didn’t write it up). You can pray, this is good, prayer is good – just don’t expect the results. Pray even though they may not be answered. Don’t think that we have a magical potion that can force God into obeying us. On Rosh Hashana we eat the apple and honey, but the more important element is saying the prayer. The custom is good but prayer is more important – and there are no guarantees.

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Staying Friends With Your Ex

Good idea or bad idea?

This is one of those issues where what I’d like to be differs from what I am.

I am on good terms with virtually all of my exes, yet only one of them is in my life on a regular basis. When I run into my exes, I often enjoy it. We shared powerful moments together. We invested in our relationship, so it’s nice to enjoy an afterglow.

I think of myself as a rational disciplined guy who acts based on what is right and not on the whims of his feelings. Yet if I were to spend a lot of time alone with some of my exes, I’d be wanting to hump them even though this differs drastically from the plans the Torah and Plato and Guru Singh have for my life.

The penis never lies. I respect that. You can’t trick it into standing up for someone for whom your body stands down. But I don’t want to live my life by this little fella. I want to live my life by the highest teachings of the Torah and the Talmud and the ongoing rabbinic tradition.

Staying friends with your ex seems very sophisticated and modern and gay to me. It sounds right but it doesn’t feel right. In a relationship or two I’ve had, my staying friends with an ex got in the way. In a relationship or two I’ve had, her staying friends with an ex has gotten in the way.

I wish this wasn’t true, but it feels emasculating. When my girlfriend has stayed in close touch with an ex, I felt disquieted. I felt like there was this third person in our relationship.

I hate it when you sense the ex in your bedroom, when the things you say and do get filtered through her experience with the one great love of her life, when you see her personality change, her body change, and her voice change when she says his name.

I’m embarrassed to admit it, but I agree with everything this chick website says:

 

…maybe you’re one of the few couples who can handle a mature friendship with your ex-boyfriend. After all, you still share the same friends and go to the same nightspots. The fact that you’re still getting on as friends and can have a laugh about old times together suits everyone. Except your new boyfriend. Ex-boyfriends that are still on the scene are seriously damaging to any new relationship, and vice versa. However much you assure your new partner that he has nothing to worry about, troubling thoughts will cross his mind, and would cross yours if you were in the same boat. An old relationship that is still visible and on the scene will interfere with a new relationship, and not in a good way.

So maybe it’s worth weighing up the benefits of remaining friends with your ex before you decide that your new friendship is the best thing ever. And that’s not saying that he should become Public Enemy Number One, but sometimes lines need to be drawn under the past to allow everyone to move into the future.

From pg. 250 of Richard Ellmann’s biography of Oscar Wilde: Oscar says: "There is to me a positive delight in cutting an author and feeling I have got beyond him."

 

Does this philosophy apply also to persons? Yes.  "Why should we not joyfully admit that there are some people we do not want to see again? It is not ingratitude, it is not indifference. They have simply given us all they have to give."

Jane emails: “My honest opinion? That’s not okay. Every therapist I’ve had, has said the same thing–staying friends with an ex is death to a new relationship. I’ve been on both sides of it, and now I won’t tolerate it.”

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Lunch Returns Me To Childhood

I made a new friend over lunch today. He’s a lifelong Seventh-Day Adventist.

Our lives have many parallels. Our fathers were SDA ministers who were ejected from church ministry for preaching heresy.

I feel light-headed. I feel like I am back in childhood. I feel like I am in my parents home. I feel like I’m in Avondale College or Pacific Union College. I feel like I’m in Sabbath school.

As I extol the virtues of Orthodox Judaism, I look at this Orthodox Jewish kid in the next table who’s devotedly picking his nose and then eating what he finds up there.

"That’s Orthodox Jews for you," says a friend later. "They’re always embarrassing you. You’re never sure if they are retarded or not."

I can’t wait for the food to come. We ordered vegie burgers. I devour everything. Normally that stretches my stomach but today it is no problem. I can’t stop stuffing the food down my throat because I feel so empty inside. I feel light. I feel naked. I feel like a child. I feel like someone with no accomplishments. I feel like my father’s son.

I explain my changes. I’m asked how Jews interpret the story of Abraham offering up Isaac. I note that we say it at prayer every morning. That the story rings true for Jews because every time we bring a child into the world, there’s a strong likelihood the child will be murdered for being Jewish. That Jews must offer up all their children to their awful God.

I’m so shaken up by lunch, I’m seven minutes late for therapy. I’m never late for therapy. This was the first time I’ve been late for this therapist.

I stretch out on the couch and my back causes me great pain and I start talking about my family.

Growing up, I never knew what uncles and cousins and nieces were. We were so disconnected from our relatives — due to my parents converting to Seventh-Day Adventism — that they had little reality to me. When I met them as a child, I did not know how to relate to them because they were not Seventh-Day Adventists.

I’m offered a book on Christian theology by a mutual friend. I return it. "I’m sorry," I say. "I have an allergy to Christian theology. I hate it. I have an irrational hatred for it. I will never read this book. I heard so much about God’s love as a child, and had so many punishments in the name of God’s love, that I despise God’s love and never want to hear about it. I got this punishment as a kid where I had to read 40 pages of dense Christian apologetics every day and type out a one-page summary. I learned to type and I learned to hate Christianity."

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Celebrating Lag B’Omer With Bonfires

"How is that good for Los Angeles?" I thought when I was reading a press release for a Lag B’Omer bonfire Monday night. "We have bad air pollution in LA and bonfires will only add to it. What will the goyim say?"

Anon posts to Hirhurim: Perhaps you would like to mention all of the other problems that are commonly involved in the making of bonfires.
Stealing wood and shopping carts to transport wood. Danger to children who collect the wood, make the fire, or just observe. Every year there are injuries. Often the fires are left unattended without being extinguished and most often no clean up is done even when it is made in a public place.
Smoke fumes enter nearby homes.
And all of this at the cost of a tremendous waste of time and energy.
Not to mention the unnecessary pollution.

Even if this was a valid custom, it is overdone and would not justify potential stealing or not taking safety precautions.

LITVAK POSTS: When discussing matters related to lag ba’omer, bo bayom, why is there no mention of Minhag Ashkenaz, which means no pilgrimage to Meron, no bonfires, no upsherins (regular haircuts okay)? Have you become a mouthpiece for Hassidic propaganda to the exclusion of ancient minhog? Is the Chasam Sofer chopped liver? See teshuvos Chasam Sofer Yoreh Deiah 233, dibbur hamaschil omnom, where he questions making lag baomer a great yomtov, with pilgrimage to Meron and hadloko, and says that he would not take part, saying that to make a yomtov which is not mentioned in the gemara or poskim, he doesn’t know if it is allowed, also he cites the gemara that yom shemeis bo aviv or Rabbo (the day in which a father or Rebbe passed away) is a day of taanis (fasting), not celebration.

Cf Moreinu Rav Elyashiv shlita, as reported in the Jerusalem Post a few years ago, never went to Meron. He said that he feels closer to Rashbi when learning a blatt gemara.

Also noteworthy is that even some Hassidim do not go to Meron on lag baomer, either due to tznius reasons or otherwise.

I would hope that this blog would not just go along with the hype and party-loving masses, but rather have more substantive fare.

Y. AHARON POSTS: Rabbi Enkin, the gemara that you referenced (Succah 45b) doesn’t make the claim the Rashbi was the greatest scholar of his generation. Instead, he makes the claim that he and his son, Eliezer, are the most worthy of the generation. While such a statement would seem problematic, i.e., subjective and not very credible in the face of someone of the stature of R’ Yosi, it does have an explanation. R’ Shimeon is, in effect, stating that anyone who tolerates evil can’t be counted among the elite of the generation. In the famous story of the meeting or R’ Yehuda, R’ Yosi, and R’ Shimeon together with an, apparent, Roman informer, the Tana’im were prompted for their reaction to Roman rule. R’Yehuda praised Roman building activities, R’ Yosi remained silent, while R’ Shimeon was critical of everything Roman. When informed of the rabbis’ attitudes, R’ Yehuda was elevated, R’ Yosi was internally exiled, and R’ Shimeon had to flee with his son for his life. Hence, R’ Shimeon and his son were the only ones to openly oppose the evil represented by Roman rule. That is why he considered the 2 more worthy than anyone else in the generation.

LAWRENCE KAPLAN POSTS: Rabbi Enkin: There is an entirely different version of the srory of R. Shimon Bar Yohai and the cave in the Yerushalmi. The differences have ben discussed and analyzed by Ofra Meir in her book Ha-Sippur ha-Darshani be-Sifrut Hazal. Her convincing conclusion is that these stories should be viewed as literature and not history.

I once went to Meron on Lag Ba-Omer. Nachum Lamm will be pleased to hear that regarding this I agree with the late Rabbi Meir Kahana: Never again!

I’m opposed to the MO adopting upsheren because 1) it is "pandering" to the right and indicates a fundamenta lack of self-respect; 2) the custom may have superstitious origins; and 3) it provides yet one more occasion where we have a ceremony for boys and not for girls.

NACHUM LAMM POSTS: Last night I planned to get to sleep early. Last night the Ulmer Rebbe of KGH had a bonfire smack-dab in the middle of 141st Street, practically right outside my bedroom window, amplified music and all. Ah well.

LITVAK POSTS: Look at the news now (J Post, VIN).

Four from Chassidic family killed in horrific auto accident on way back from Meron.

Approximately forty treated for binge drinking. Seems that ad delo yoda is joing the ‘mitzvos hayom’ of lag, perhaps thanks to the chai rotel folks.

Nine suffer burns from bonfires.

And that is not going into all those sickened and forced to stay inside by fumes, and other ‘mitzvos and maasim tovim’.

What would Rashbi say??

When will this madness end?

I know it is hard to resist a party after an extended mourning period, but, hey, some restraint perhaps?

I was told about a year or two ago, that a RIETS/YU seminar on life-cycle events included upsherin with bris, bar mitzvoh, wedding…., although a high-ranking lecturer was ridiculing it. What has happened to YU? I know that Dr. Lamm is from Hassidic background, but what is happening to that once staunchly Litvish bastion?

S. POSTS: Maybe the seminar is in touch with reality and how amcha practices its Judaism late 20th century minhag America style, as opposed to some idealized ideological thing which doesn’t actually exist?

SIMCHA POSTS: It is interesting to me how Lag Baomer celebrates a yahrtzeit that is probably false, and that RASHBI’s greatness includes writing the Zohar which he apparently did not. So we have a strange "yom tov" the origins of which are unknown, celebrating a yahrtzeit that is likely inaccurate about a person who has likely been distorted using means that may well have pagan origins. Troubling, to say the least.

LITVAK POSTS: People used to fast on a yohrzeit, as brought in Shulchan Oruch. Then they would make siyumim to allow eating as on erev Pesach, and give a repast (‘kiddush’) afterward. After a while, the siyum/learning was forgotten and only the ‘kiddush’ remained (Rabbi Dr. Leiman briefly touches on this briefly in his shiur on lag baomer, which I highly recommend, highlighted this week at yutorah.org).

As kan that, now my thoughts.

1) There are people that still fast on a yohrzeit, esp. Yekkes, devoutly Ashkenazic Jews, and simple Shulchan Oruch following Jews.

2) It is well known that (esp. early) Hassidim strongly frowned upon fasting, so I could see that having a part in the decline or disappearance of fasting among its followers, along with the spread of the Hassidic idea of a yohrzeit being a day of celebration rather than otherwise (even if meant only/mostly for a tzaddik originally, ultimately it extended beyond that). Later the Hassidim developed and spread additional rationalizations, namely that it was a mitzvoh to give people to eat and any brochos that they made in the process would accrue to the merit of the niftar.

3)The saying /popularizing of expressions such as ‘the neshama should have an aliyah’, by Hassidic and Hassidic inclined and influenced, has increased much (seforim like Gesher Hachaim have had a strong influence as well). Years ago it was not said to such a degree, if at all, esp. in Litvish and MO circles. My practice is to refrain from such innovations and just say something like ‘ad bias goel’ (as Yekkes do) or ad meah viesrim shonoh, which an old Litvishe Rav (RVA z"l) I knew used to say to a baal yohrzeit after davening.

Upsherin is not a custom originated by Hassidim. It is a pre-Hassidic custom adopted by them later. Does it say anywhere that the Besht promoted upsherin? It seems that it was only adopted generations after the beginning of the movement, first in Eretz Yisroel (where it seems to have started among Mustarbim – Arabized middle eastern Jews) and later in the diaspora – see discussion and mekoros in Shorshei Minhag Ashkenaz III p.254 and elsewhere. So therefore it is not, stricyly speaking, ‘a Hassidic minhag" (in terms of origin).

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