Do You Always Need Two Witnesses To Prove A Case In Jewish Law?

When I read this comment on Facebook, it triggered two responses in me: “Have you considered that 2 witnesses is required in order to provide validity to the case. Otherwise anyone can walk into the court and accuse the innocent party that they were molested for example or caused them any other harm that they seem to make up. How do you know the other party is saying the truth unless there are at least 2 witnesses. Manipulative people use this tactic at best and get great results and accuse and cause irreparable harm and damage!!! That is what you call lashon hara?”

First. Nobody knows what “lashon hara” (evil speech) is in this sort of situation.

Second. The need for two witnesses to prove a case in Jewish law is theoretical, not the real way Jewish law has usually operated.

In his sixth lecture on R. Chaim Ozer Grodzinksi for Torah in Motion, history professor Marc B. Shapiro says: According to Rav Nissim of Girona (aka The RaN) says that in our Jewish system, there are two types of governance — Torah law and the law of the king. Take a look at how difficult it is to convict people in Jewish law. You have to have two witnesses. The perpetrator needs to be warned. How do you run a state like this? How do you put people in jail? Every single person in jail would not be in jail by Torah law. First, there’s no jail in Torah law. None of these people were warned before committing their crime.

According to Wikipedia: “Nissim ben Reuven (1320–1376, Hebrew: נסים בן ראובן) of Girona, Catalonia was an influential talmudist and authority on Jewish law. He was one of the last of the great Spanish medieval talmudic scholars. He is also known as the RaN (ר”ן, the Hebrew acronym of his name).”

Marc: The standard view is that the Beit Din has the authority to do whatever they want to do as an emergency measure. There’s a famous case in the Talmud where the rabbis executed someone for riding a horse on Shabbos even though that’s only a rabbinic prohibition. To establish Torah law, the rabbis are allowed to break with Torah law and to do extra-judicial measures. The Beit Din can do what it needs to do. That’s the way Jewish society worked in medieval time. All sorts of punishments were given to people that were forbidden by Torah law.

The RaN said that Torah law and real law (law of the king) operate in different spheres. According to Torah law, you need two witnesses to convict someone but the law of the king can set up any proof it wants. The king sets up a parallel legal system.

You could conclude that Torah law is only meant as some theoretical law. It is clearly impossible to run any sort of society based on Torah law. It’s almost law for a messianic society and not meant for the real world.

The RaN is not talking about emergency measures. He’s talking about a complete parallel legal system. Many people aren’t aware of this. They think that if you don’t have at least two witnesses warning someone, you can never convict. I think this is a disgrace to the Torah because it makes people think that Jewish law can not function in the real world.

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‘What Are You Doing Here?’

Wednesday night. Gotta change things up in my life. I’ve paid the $5, now I’m going to take the 30s-40s ride. Match.com is throwing an event at 8029 Sunset Blvd and I’m going. Yes, I know BINA LA has an event at the same time in Santa Monica but it costs $30 and is for the 25-45 crowd. I’m 47 now. I didn’t have success with my last runs with JDate and Frumster. So now I’m keyword searching “Jewish” on Match.com and POF.com and emailing everyone I find attractive. I’m getting a 10% response rate.

So I walk in and start meeting people. Everyone’s nice. Considering the awkward circumstance of a singles mingle, conversation moves along. Still, I’m itching to leave when I hit off with two women about 40 who work in the entertainment industry. I hole up with them at their table for about an hour. They’re not Jewish. They ask me, “What are you doing here? You’re looking for someone Jewish. Why aren’t you on JDate?”

People keep asking me that, “What are you doing here?” As I step out into the wider world, I keep feeling that I don’t belong.

I run into two Israeli guys. They have no plans for Rosh Hashanah. I’m about to leave when this high energy Creole woman with kinky hair walks over and lights up my night. Eventually, I get her alone. “What am I going to do with you?” she says. “I’m never going to become Jewish. I’m not going to change. I like who I am. I can’t drink with you. I can’t eat meat with you. I can’t have sex with you. I’m going to circulate.”

It’s almost 10 p.m.. Time to go home. I do a u-turn across double yellow lines on Santa Monica Blvd and the police pull me over. They ask me to wind down all my windows. They ask for my driver’s license and registration. They ask me if I have anything in the car that I wouldn’t want them to see. I told them they’re welcome to search. They ask me if I have ever been arrested. I say no. They ask me where I was. “A match.com party,” I say. “I don’t drink. You can smell my breath.”

“Do you know why we pulled you over?” asked the officer.

“I followed the example of the car in front of me and crossed the double yellow line,” I said.

“Where are you going?”

“Home,” I said. “I live about four miles from here.”

They run my information and let me off with a warning.

Ivan posts to my FB: “In my opinion, you traded one very controlling religion SDA for another very similar one.”

Michael: “Gives a new meaning to the expression that if we forget we are Jewish, the gentiles will remind us.”

It never ceases to sting when it takes strangers to remind me of who I am and where I belong.

The non-Jews I meet have nothing but respect for Orthodox Judaism. Frequently, they see us more clearly than we see ourselves.

I really like black girls particularly if they have a white girl’s body. I like their strength. I love their gleaming white teeth and kinky hair. They make me smile. They seem to like Jewish guys. They don’t hold back with what they’re thinking.

If I could just land a black (Jewish) wife, then nobody could accuse me of racism and I’d have carte blance!

It was so nice to be wanted and desired by women. I don’t get that so often in shul.

I like women who dress nicely. I like it when they offer to buy me a drink. I walked around last night afraid some woman would ask me to buy her a drink. I’m not into that unless we’re already in a relationship.

There were some women there last night who had a filthy mouth. I like that in a woman. There was this one exec in a super posh outfit, sipping champagne, and the varieties of the ways she could say f*** took my breath away.

I met a therapist and got to talk about John Bowlby and attachment theory for 15 minutes.

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Slogging Thru Another CFS Relapse

I’ve been suffering through a relapse of my Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) over the past three weeks, brought on by a vigorous month of exercise on my new stationary bike, bring my weight down to 177 pounds (down ten). Every time I begin an exercise program (since 1988), after a 2-3 weeks, I get a CFS relapse, which always begins with a flu-like sore throat that never turns into the flu. Only sustained physical exertion brings this on, not stress or anything else. At least with my daily modafinil, I’m fully alert.

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Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love By Sue Johnson

This is a great book. Here are some highlights:

>Is love real? Is it not brain chemicals that humans developed in order to be inspired to mate and thus keep the human race going? A sort of evolutionary necessity. Perhaps it is a cynical way of thinking. Maybe if I fall in love one day, I’ll believe in it. In the mean time, I observe others being “in love”.>

Love is real. It is what we depend on to survive. Love means that our partner is there for us, can hear us, can come help us if needed, is concerned about us, and values us. If we don’t have this, we fall apart, freeze up, become rigid. If we have it, we can be open to new information and become curious about the wider world.

Do our problems lie primarily in our internal conflicts and unconscious fantasies (Freud) or in our external relations (Bowlby)?

“Curiosity comes out of a sense of safety, rigidity out of being vigilant to threats… The more we can reach out to our partners, the more separate and independent we can be.”

We need close connection with others. Historians observed that the unit of survival in the Nazi death camps was the pair, not the individual.

In 1939, women ranked love fifth as a factor in choosing a mate. In the 1990s, both men and women ranked it first.

Underneath all the distress, partners are asking each other: Can I count on you? Depend on you? Will you respond to me when I need, when I call? Do I matter to you? Do you need me, rely on me?

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Breaking My Addiction To Sports

When I moved to California from Australia in May of 1977, I was 11. Over the next year, a major way I assimilated to American culture was by learning its sports. They were a narcotic that soothed my loneliness over the next seven years. Much of that time, I dreamed about becoming a sportswriter or sportscaster when I grew up.

After I graduated from high school in June of 1984, I moved back to Australia for a year to live with my brother. It was hard to stay in touch with the fortunes of my favorite American sports teams (particularly the Dallas Cowboys and the Los Angeles Dodgers). The Australian national newspaper had a weekly column on American football and through it I learned that the Dallas Cowboys had missed the playoffs for the first time since 1974. In October of 1984, I didn’t see a minute of the World Series. In January of 1985, I didn’t get to watch the Super Bowl live. I had to wait for a week for a friend to mail me a videotape of the blow-out 49er victory.

I returned to California in June of 1985 and worked that summer in the newsroom of KAHI/KHYL radio where I covered sports along with the rest of the news. My favorite baseball team, the Dodgers, lost in the NLCS to the Cardinals setting up a World Series of Kansas City vs St. Louis.

As I started watching this series, I realized I just didn’t care who won. I had no feelings about these two teams. They bored me. It was the first time I checked out of a World Series in years and I realized at the time it was a symptom that I no longer cared so much about sports. I was growing up. I was creating a great life. I had adult things to accomplish.

The San Francisco 49ers trained at Sierra Community College, which I attended from September of 1985 until August of 1988. During the summers of 1985, 1986, and 1987, I went to the 49er training camp regularly to report for KAHI radio. I even covered two of their games at Candlestick Park during the 1985 season (a loss to New Orleans and a win over the Dallas Cowboys).

The Cowboys were my favorite team, so it was a thrill to go into their locker room after their defeat and see Tom Landry, Randy White and others stars of my childhood.

Landry was standing outside the locker room when I stopped by and he was talking about Skip Bayless. He said he hadn’t spoken to Skip in years. He was so close I could touch him.

By covering the Cowboys professionally, I felt like I had squared a circle. I was no longer just a fan. I was a big boy.

When you take a hobby and turn it into a job, something changes inside. When I covered professional sports, I quickly stopped being a fan. There’s no cheering in the press box. It was easy for me to turn off my feelings, step into the objective reporter mode and to talk dispassionately on the air about the San Francisco teams of primary interest to my radio listeners.

My favorite local sports columnist was Lowell Cohn and I often saw him at the 49ers training camp and at Candlestick park. I never spoke to him. He intimidated me.

In 1986, I decided to become an economist. My life was full. I didn’t need sports to distract me from my miserable life because I was no longer miserable. I didn’t loathe myself anymore. I liked where I was going with my life. I had big plans. Things were finally on track. The Dallas Cowboys didn’t make the playoffs for the next few years and that had almost no effect on my happiness.

I moved to Los Angeles in August of 1988 to go to UCLA to major in Economics. A friend took me to Pasadena’s Rose Bowl Sept. 10 to watch UCLA’s shocking 41-28 defeat of Nebraska behind the accurate passing of quarterback Troy Aikman.

One time during the following school year, somebody told me I looked like Troy Aikman. I never forgot that. I’ve repeated it to dozens of people. They often say I look more like Brad Pitt or Bill Clinton.

I shared a mail box at the Rieber Hall dorm with somebody subscribed to Sports Illustrated magazine and when it had a cover story on the new Dallas Cowboys coach Jimmy Johnson, I borrowed it without permission and read it avidly before returning. The Cowboys then drafted Aikman as the number one pick in the draft.

I was a Dodgers fan and the Dodgers were doing well that fall of 1988 and I enjoyed reading about them in the newspaper but I rarely, if ever, listened to their games. I was focused on getting ahead with my life.

I didn’t have a TV in my room at UCLA and in that fall, I didn’t seek one out to watch the Dodger games. I was sitting in my room studying on the Saturday night that began the World Series. Suddenly there was a loud roar all around me, unlike anything I’ve heard before or since. It was a reaction to Kirk Gibson hitting a home run in the bottom of the ninth to give the Dodgers an unexpected victory.

I don’t think I saw a minute live of that World Series.

Look at the LA smog at the beginning of this 1988 Game One of the World Series video. It was so bad some days that it would hurt to breathe when I played basketball. I’ve never experienced anything like it before or since.

I was thrilled to be living on my own in Los Angeles — home of the world’s most beautiful women — and a little smog didn’t bother me.

In February of 1988, I came down with an illness that felt like mono, only it didn’t go away. In the Spring of 1989, I got the diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and I realized I might be sick for a long time. I was now willing to distract myself with sports once again, and I’d wander into a dorm mate’s room to watch March Madness college basketball.

Andrew Gaze, an Australian, led Seton Hall into a thrilling overtime loss to Michigan in the NCAA championship.

I didn’t pay much attention to sports until January 6, 1992, when I shuffled to the mail box and opened up my neighbor’s newspaper and saw that the Dallas Cowboys had lost to the Detroit Lions in the playoffs. I had no idea the Cowboys were back in the playoffs.

I kept track of the Cowboys the next season but never watched a game until the NFC championship versus San Francisco, when I called my former classmate Kevin McKee and asked if I could come over like I had years before and watch the game with him and his dad.

I think that was the last time I saw them.

I watched the Cowboys Super Bowl victory on my own. I had this vague sense that my life was turning around like the fortunes of my favorite football team. Over the next few months, I’d have a few girlfriends, begin a partial recovery from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and move to Orlando and finally Los Angeles in March of 1994.

I’ve never fully gotten over CFS so I’ve had to live more gently over the past 20 years than I’d like. One of the ways I take it easy on myself is to watch some sports. I only follow football avidly to make sure I don’t waste too much time. I also give myself permission to watch as much sports as I like as long as I have the sound turned off so I can listen to a lecture or a Dennis Prager radio show or a book on CD at the same time so I’m not wasting my life.

Sports no longer occupies the same role in my life that it did from 1977-1984, but my happiness is affected by the fortunes of the Dallas Cowboys. I remember in the fall of 2007 telling a friend that nothing was going right in my life then except the Cowboys (who went 13-3 before losing in the division round of the playoffs to New York).

I don’t feel the same control over my life I had in 1985-1987 when I felt like I could do anything. I’m not as strong and as a result I can’t be quite as driven and focused and aggressive and ambitious. I have to take it easier than I like and with my failures to bond normally to others, I still spend too much time with sports. It’s a symptom of my attachment disorder.

In 2008, I interviewed by phone my childhood hero Lowell Cohn, the sports columnist.

I’ve never touched illegal drugs nor had more than a few mouthfuls of beer and wine, but over the past year, I’ve received great benefit from listening to 12-step lectures for drug and alcohol addicts. I feel like I have a similar hole in my soul.

I was just reading the 2011 biography of the late sportscaster Howard Cosell and it remarks that sports is a narcotic.

Hmm, that hit me hard. I’m a big sports fan. I’ve also noticed that the more devoted the sports fan, the more likely that he’s unhappy.

So that has started me thinking, what have been my favorite escapes from reality? What have been my favorite drugs? And can I rank them in terms of time I’ve expended?

Here goes:

* Following sports got me excited. I wasn’t happy with the life I had, so I shucked it off and dissolved myself into the identity of my favorite teams, which I selected largely on the basis of their winning ways.

* When I moved away from my parents in January of 1980 to stay with friends of the family so I could finish eighth grade at Pacific Union College Elementary School, I started listening to pop music on KNBR and KFRC every night. Listening to pop music was a sin in my home, but out on my own, I had more freedom. I quickly found out that pop music articulated everything I was feeling and it has been my major source of solace over the years.

* I was an unhappy kid. I didn’t have many friends, so I read a lot of books. They stimulated my imagination. I developed the skill of sitting in a chair and telling myself thrilling stories of battles and explorations where I was the hero. I could bliss out within seconds and stay distracted for hours. As I grew older, my fantasies of grandiosity traded time with romantic and sexual obsessions.

* In eighth grade, I became good friends with my classmate Andy, who who was bigger and stronger than me and he ate an enormous amount of food. I tried to keep up with him and got into the habit of stuffing myself. I got attention for the amount of food I could put away. I liked that and I liked how a full stomach took away my anxieties. I still struggle with over-eating.

* At age 12, I took up long distance running (I started running a couple of miles every day in fifth grade), logging more than 30 miles a week. I finished five marathons. I found that when I physically exhausted myself, my anxieties went away. Exercise was a great distraction from my failure to connect normally with others.

* Attention-seeking aka chasing distinctions. I entered school in second grade and my smart mouth didn’t make me many friends. When I came to America in sixth grade, I used bizarre tricks to get attention such as eating insects and stuffing eight bananas in my mouth at once. I’d also try to stir up debates in class and rip loud farts. For as long as I can remember, I’ve had this one question running through my mind — “How can I get the most attention?”

* My anxiety goes away when I can throw myself into my work, particularly if I enjoy it and I am good at it and I’m around people I like and I get recognition for my efforts. From age 19-21, I spent many weeks working over 60 hours.

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It Was Easier To Meet Women At 27 Than 47

I moved to Los Angeles in March of 1994. I was almost 27. I had a ball my first year in LA. I had a ton of dates. Everywhere I went, it seemed, I met women.

I was an unknown quantity. I was new to LA. I had an Australian accent. I was good looking. I was enthusiastic about life having spent the past six years bed-ridden by Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Every night, I wanted to go out and about. I was immersed in women and felt like there was always going to be plenty for me.

By late 1995, I was sick of playing around. I wanted to settle down but it just didn’t happen with the ones I wanted.

As the years went by, I became steadily less attractive to women. Those my age were getting more serious about life, and I just did not look like marriage material.

Now I’m 47. I’ve never been married. And I fool no one.

At 26 and 27, I met a bunch of smart attractive women via singles ads. Now I’m on Match.com and POF.com (and I’ve had previous stints on Frumster.com and JDATE.com) and I’ve sent off about 250 emails and I get about a 10% reply rate and when I reply to their replies, it’s pretty much all over.

Unless you’re hyper-successful, writer and Alexander Technique teacher just has no sex appeal.

I’ve spent my adult life doing what I wanted and I realize now there is much to be said for choosing a stable profession. Hmm, I always thought I was going to be a star. It didn’t quite work out that way.

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REO Speedwagon’s Hi Infidelity

This is my favorite rock album. It came out in the fall of 1980.

I never bought it but friends had it and sometimes on a Saturday night at Pacific Union College, we’d put it on, turn out the lights, and pile on top of each other on the couch and shmush each other fully clothed. These were wild times for Seventh-Day Adventist teens.

Everything is better when it’s shared, even REO Speedwagon.

I remember my Vietnamese roommate at UCLA had a copy of it on cassette. In 1989, I got my first real girlfriend and when she’d come over to my room and we were all alone, I’d put on the tape because she admitted it got her excited (it may have been the only thing she admitted that got her excited, so I seized on it).

I spent hours making out to this music.

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My Favorite Drugs

I’ve never touched illegal drugs nor had more than a few mouthfuls of beer and wine, but over the past year, I’ve received great benefit from listening to 12-step lectures for drug and alcohol addicts. I feel like I have a similar hole in my soul.

I was just reading the 2011 biography of the late sportscaster Howard Cosell and it remarks that sports is a narcotic.

Hmm, that hit me hard. I’m a big sports fan. I’ve also noticed that the more devoted the sports fan, the more likely that he’s unhappy.

So that has started me thinking, what have been my favorite escapes from reality? What have been my favorite drugs? And can I rank them in terms of time I’ve expended?

Here goes:

* Sports. I started following sports at age 12. I was spending my summers before sixth, seventh, and eighth grade at the Pacific Union College library. At first, I read mainly history books on things like World War II. As I wandered around the stacks, I found old issues of Time, Life and Newsweek magazines. Eventually, I’d go through every issue. I became interested in American sports and so I went through every issue of Sports Illustrated.

Following sports got me excited. I wasn’t happy with the life I had, so I shucked it off and dissolved myself into the identity of my favorite teams (which I selected largely on the basis of their winning ways, I didn’t want to ID with a loser, instead I went with the Dallas Cowboys in football, the Los Angeles Dodgers in baseball and the Washington Bullets in basketball, the latter being the weakest of my allegiances, eventually abandoned in the mid’80s and replaced by the Lakers six years after I moved to LA in 1994 when they beat the Portland Trailblazers in a thrilling game seven).

From 1977 on, I was a big sports fan. I probably spent more of my spare time on it than anything else for the next seven years. After graduating from high school in June of 1984, I moved back to Australia for a year. It was difficult to keep up with my American sporting allegiances and so this move largely broke my addiction to sports. Now I just ration my watching for when I’m working out or eating a meal or cleaning. I try not to waste much real time on it.

* When I moved away from my parents in January of 1980 to stay with friends of the family so I could finish eighth grade at Pacific Union College Elementary School, I started listening to pop music on KNBR and KFRC every night. Listening to pop music was a sin in my home, but out on my own, I had more freedom. I quickly found out that pop music articulated everything I was feeling and it has been my major source of solace over the years.

* I was an unhappy kid. I didn’t have many friends, so I read a lot of books. They stimulated my imagination. I developed the skill of sitting in a chair and telling myself thrilling stories of battles and explorations where I was the hero. I could bliss out within seconds and stay distracted for hours. As I grew older, my fantasies of grandiosity traded time with romantic and sexual obsessions.

* In eighth grade, I became good friends with my classmate Andy, who who was bigger and stronger than me and he ate an enormous amount of food. I tried to keep up with him and got into the habit of stuffing myself. I got attention for the amount of food I could put away. I liked that and I liked how a full stomach took away my anxieties. I still struggle with over-eating.

* At age 12, I took up long distance running (I started running a couple of miles every day in fifth grade), logging more than 30 miles a week. I finished five marathons. I found that when I physically exhausted myself, my anxieties went away. Exercise was a great distraction from my failure to connect normally with others.

* Attention-seeking aka chasing distinctions. I entered school in second grade and my smart mouth didn’t make me many friends. When I came to America in sixth grade, I used bizarre tricks to get attention such as eating insects and stuffing eight bananas in my mouth at once. I’d also try to stir up debates in class and rip loud farts. For as long as I can remember, I’ve had this one question running through my mind — “How can I get the most attention?”

* My anxiety goes away when I can throw myself into my work, particularly if I enjoy it and I am good at it and I’m around people I like and I get recognition for my efforts. From age 19-22, I spent many weeks working over 60 hours.

Posted in Addiction, Personal, Sports | Comments Off on My Favorite Drugs

KFI’s Top 30

In ninth grade, I went to my first non-Adventist school — Forest Lake Christian School.

It was a tough year for me (1980-1981) as my family transitioned out of the Seventh-Day Adventist church and my dad formed Good News Unlimited.

I failed two classes my first semester (Spanish and Algebra) and ended up with a 1.2 GPA. I pulled things together in the second semester, failing no classes and getting no grade lower than a C.

I had a friend at FLCS and I don’t remember his name now. He was just a good guy. One night during the week, I think it was Monday night, we’d listen to KFI top 30 countdown (the station was crystal clear at night throughout the West Coast) and discuss it the next day. We liked similar groups — Chicago, Air Supply, The Motels, etc. He was the rare kid who didn’t make fun of my gentle taste in music.

After I finished ninth grade in June 1981, I never saw the guy again.

When I think about him, I smile and soften up, and I feel love and gratitude.

I tend to go through life with a hard cynical exterior. It usually doesn’t serve me because it discourages people from wanting to connect with me.

When I remember people who were kind to me, that puts me in a better state to connect (with others and with my best self).

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The Fight for the Life of Young Idan Zablocki; Interview With NYC Republican Mayoral Candidate Joe Lhota

A young couple, Amanda and Akiva Zablocki, fight for the life of their child, Idan, and you can help at YouCaring.com; NYC Republican Mayoral candidate Joe Lhota’s sits down for an interview with TJC; Met Council hires a new CEO; baseball player Ryan Braun’s accusations of anti-Semitism amid a doping scandal; and Yiddish theater is translated…into English.

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