Blacks & Property Values

I remember one Saturday morning at an Orthodox shul in 90035, the speaker during the announcements noted the new soul food restaurant on Pico Blvd, and said that if its owner knew something that we didn’t, we should all sell our homes quickly.

Steve Sailer writes:

From the Washington Post:

‘This can’t happen by accident.’

For generations, African Americans have faced unique barriers to owning a home — and enjoying the wealth it brings. In Atlanta, where predominantly black neighborhoods are still waiting for the recovery, the link between race and real estate fortune is stark.

By Emily Badger Wonkblog May 2, 2016

SOUTH DEKALB COUNTY, Ga. — When the new subdivisions were rising everywhere here in the 1990s and early 2000s, with hundreds and hundreds of fine homes on one-acre lots carved out of the Georgia forest, the price divide between this part of De­Kalb County and the northern part wasn’t so vast.

Now, a house that looks otherwise identical in South DeKalb, on the edge of Atlanta, might sell for half what it would in North DeKalb. The difference has widened over the years of the housing boom, bust and recovery, and Wayne Early can’t explain it.

The people here make good money, he says. They have good jobs. Their homes are built of the same sturdy brick. Early, an economic development consultant and real estate agent, can identify only one obvious difference that makes property here worth so much less.

“This can’t happen by accident,” he says. “It’s too tightly correlated with race for it to be based on something else.”

The communities in South DeKalb are almost entirely African American, and they reflect a housing disparity that emerges across the Atlanta metropolitan area and the nation. According to a new Washington Post analysis, the higher a Zip code’s share of black residents in the Atlanta region, the worse its housing values have fared over the past turbulent housing cycle.

It’s sad, but true: blacks tend to be bad for property values. One reason even in well-kept up, low crime middle class black neighborhoods is because people aren’t just buying a house, they are buying schoolmates for their children. There’s also a bigger danger that a middle class black neighborhood will slip into an underclass neighborhood than in a comparable white neighborhood, since middle class blacks are more likely to have nephews and so forth come live with them, Fresh Prince of Bel-Air style. A foreclosure issue is that blacks have fewer affluent relatives to borrow from to help them get over life’s bumps.

Part of the bursting of the Housing Bubble in 2007-2008 was the unexpected rediscovery that old stereotypes about black and Hispanic neighborhoods being poor investments tend to be true.

COMMENTS:

* Large numbers of whites move to a geographic region, there is an explosion of innovation, new businesses, development. The whole area gentrifies, properties shoot up, etc.

Large numbers of blacks move to an area, government dependency shoots up, low income housing shoots up, the schools go down the tubes, crime jumps, property values drop.

If you control for the individual family, same type of job, same type of income, the family that chooses to move around the gentrifying upwardly mobile types which tend to be more ethnically white will see housing value appreciate, and the family that moves to the ethnically black neighborhood will see housing value drop.

* Just explain to me why when whites move into the neighborhood, it’s bad for black people and when whites refuse to move into the neighborhood it’s also bad for black people. Good luck.

* It’s called free association.

In the old authentic America you had the right to live with people of your choosing.

In the new fraudulent pseudo-America you are forced to live with aliens and hostiles.

The core outrage of all of this is:

Who invented the towns? The neighborhoods? Who invented the water supplies? The power supplies? The entire infrastructure that supplanted the raw wilderness that was there previously?

Whites created it all but now have no claim to it as whites. Which results in —-of course—- white dispossession.

Legalized racial dispossession of the founding stock of any nation on the planet is very rare. It usually only occurs as a result of total defeat on the battlefield.

The amount of white sweat equity that was transferred to aliens in towns across just California in the past thirty years must be a trillion dollars at least. Whole towns invented and hacked out of the wilderness by whites have been transferred to new occupants. This occurred through ethnic cleansing and it wasn’t nonviolent.

* Steve do low crime Black neighborhoods even exist in Los Angeles? From what I have read, even Baldwin Hills has a high crime problem because they are located way too geographically close to The Jungle, which has housing projects like you see in Training Day.

* The same disparity is seen in Montgomery (white) vs. Prince George’s (black) counties of Maryland, both DC suburbs catering to at least middle class DC government employees. Blacks have done well in government employment and these in Prince George’s are the cream of that crop. But still their schools are doing poorly esp. on test results.

* “…middle class blacks are more likely to have nephews and so forth come live with them…”

Uh-huh. Also those same homeowners are likely to have their own children “come to live with them.” And the more successful and affluent those middle-class black parents are, the more salient reversion toward the mean among their offspring will be.

Any potential white buyers can look fifteen years into the future of a new middle-class black suburb and correctly predict the likely swell of boorishness and crime as the aging middle-class black suburbanites lose control of their maturing spawn, flush with the strength of youth and morally liberated by BLM/BAMN/flavor-of-the-week agitators.

* Blacks aren’t necessarily getting a “better deal” finding cheaper homes in black neighborhoods. Yes, life in black neighborhoods will be easier for them that it would be for whites, but those neighborhoods are still much higher in crime, and black criminals are more than happy to target blacks. Blacks who can afford to often try to live in white neighborhoods.

* Tired of the white/black racial duopoly in these msm articles. It’s fraud. All of the other racial groups are magically disappeared from the calculus.

These rotten media outlets will continue the dishonest white/black duopoly until they are forced to include Asians Hispanics etc.

Let’s discuss the Asian/black achievement gap, shall we?

And why aren’t Asians mixing with blacks in all corners of society? Where are the 50-50 Asian-black neighborhoods? Churches? Schools? Businesses?

Dark conclusions come to mind when one notices Asian reluctance to embrace black America.

* Regardless of ethnicity, low property values are good for buyers and bad for owners and sellers. The article is focused on the fact that black home owners aren’t getting the home appreciation benefits that whites are. And this is true.

From a mindset of individual meritocracy, this really isn’t fair. Black individuals are financially punished for choosing to self-segregate with their own ethnic group. White individuals are rewarded for self-segregating. And this isn’t due to individual merit, it’s due to group merit.

From another viewpoint, groups of whites are building better neighborhoods and communities than groups of blacks. It’s not white people’s fault that groups of blacks aren’t building nicer neighborhoods and cultural capital. Groups of Asians are surely building better neighborhoods than groups of blacks and politically, it’s not feasible to blame Asians. Politically, the left will need to find a way to blame white and justify redistribution and robbing Peter to pay Paul.

* Sure, low cost housing is a benefit to new buyers, but it’s bad for long time owners and sellers. And blacks aren’t getting the home value appreciation benefits that whites are. That is real.

However, this is largely because groups of blacks don’t make great neighborhoods that shoot up in value like other ethnic groups. And the liberals are trying to find ways to pin that blame onto whites and justify big government redistribution. Note that they aren’t considering Mexicans or Asians because those ethnic groups aren’t politically viable marks to seize money from.

* …if blacks were building great neighborhoods, people would want to move there, and they would rise in value, and nothing whites or Asians or Mexicans do would stop that.

The problem is that when large numbers of blacks move to a neighborhood, crime goes up, schools go down, government dependence goes up, business innovation goes down, the service industry weakens, and economic growth slows.

* Blacks are bad for property values, who’d a thunk.

A couple of years ago in Newark, New Jersey, people were literally selling their houses for pennies and dollars to get out of Dodge. Newark used to be the most dangerous city in the country, now Camden takes the top spot if I remember correctly, though I think Chicago and their pace for 700 murders this year will dethrone Camden.

When my family first came to America they settled in Newark. It was a completely different city back then. Full of hard-working white immigrants, that is until the 67 or 69 riots I forget which. After that, all perishable food markets left the city and all people had to travel miles out of the city to get food.

Serves them right.

* No matter how ‘respectable’, ‘cultured’, ‘polite’ ‘well-mannered’, ‘well educated’ and ‘well spoken’ any given Afro-American appears to be, you can bet the farm that he is closely related to a stereotypical ghetto thug.

The statistics bear this out. Such a vast proportion of the male African American has been incarcerated at least one time in their lives that by sheer force of random probability you can be sure that *every* Afro-American is closely related to a violent thug.

* OT, but the discovery of marijuana at the homes of the Rhoden family in Pike County, Ohio is now leading to speculation that they were murdered by drug dealers – perhaps members of a Mexican cartel.

If that happens to be the case and the murderers are illegal aliens, it’s interesting to speculate what the political ramifications might be.

* I grew up in Dekalb, back in the 70′s. It was the place to be. Now it’s a third world shit hole, and every night on the news, there’s another grieving black momma/grandmomma in Stone Mountain whose thug son has shot someone or been shot. Or whose whose toddler child/grandchild in Lithonia has been run over by a fleeing thug or by the pursuing cop. Or whose daughter has been raped by a thug in Avondale. Or whose home on Memorial Drive has been burglarized or invaded by thugs. And it’s always in south Dekalb. Some portion of the county government is always under investigation, facing probation or being sanctioned. And they keep sending Cynthia McKinneys and Hank Johnsons to DC. So yes, the South Dekalb situation is very tightly tied to race.

* They are trying to blame the problems of black neighborhoods on white neighborhoods that have had success. The instant you consider successful Asian neighborhoods and Hispanic neighborhoods, the logic becomes absurd.

There is a whole political apparatus setup to blame whites for the ills of the world and seize their communities and assets for redistribution. But, the instant they try to expand blame whitey to blame whitey and Asians and even some Hispanics, they will lose political viability.

From Nelson Mandela’s autobiography:

“Ngabelungu” is a Xhosa expression that means, “It is the whites [fault]”

* The vast majority of Blacks can not afford to purchase a home in affluent predominantly Asian suburbs in California like Arcadia and Cupertino, so does that make Asians anti-Black racists?

* So Blacks are benefiting from cheaper prices for identical housing. Sounds like a good thing.

* I stayed with friends in one of these new, upper middle class majority-black (I saw multiple white families) developments in Atlanta in 2007: the houses really were well built (much nicer than the McMansions I’ve been in in the North from the same period, maybe because of lower cost structures), the woods next to each house were very pretty, the neighbors were excited to visit each other and hang out.

But the combination of greater family instability and reversion of income to a lower mean is a bad one-two punch; and a layoff and an ugly divorce later my friends were short-selling their house three years later, in 2010. I had heard they could hardly get anything for it, relative to what they paid.

* I wish. But the 14th Amendment has been held in various SCOTUS decisions to trump everything that came before it i.e. it’s a new government, a coup by the winners of the War of Northern Aggression. Then SCOTUS came out with further doctrines like “separate isn’t equal enough” and so they restrict your ability to avoid mixing.

* This is just the free market setting the correct price on black-owned homes. The more the government mucks with that, the bigger the problems that are gonna ensue, like the housing bubble explosion.

* Asians are Schrödinger Whites. They’re considered white when doing so helps the left (see: the alleged “diversity deficiency” in Silicon Valley) and considered non-white when that helps the left (“muh cultural appropiation”).

* Black males have a one in three lifetime incarceration risk.
So, the probability of any random black male *not* ever being incarcerated is roughly 0.66.
Consider all the close relations, brothers, nephews, uncles, father, sons, cousins, in-laws etc that each and every black male must have. As a ballpark figure, allow 10 of those all told.
0.66 to the power of 10, the probability of *no* close criminal male relation must be a vanishingly small number.

* You can use this site (among others) to check out all the demographic stats of whatever zip codes you want: zipwho.com.

* In the 1990s NYC cabbies were being slaughtered–35-45 per year.

The cabbies were overwhelmingly NAMs.

The cabbies stopped taking fares from lower Manhattan to the ghetto at night.

Danny Glover complained to the NYC taxi commission about this NAM on NAM discrimination. Giuliani cracked down on cabbies. The slaughter continued.

* That’s why we need to send the Homosexual Gentrifier Shock Troops into the ghetto to drive up house values and create wealth for black homeowners! Just think how wonderful it will be for ghetto dwellers when their house prices double or triple! Think of all the Black Wealth that will be created!

Joking aside, this article points out the silliness of SJW thinking.

If ghetto homes INCREASE in value, SJWs bitch about the “institutional racism” of “unaffordable housing” or “gentrification” and insist that white folks pay for “affordable housing”.

If ghetto homes DECREASE in value, SJWs bitch about the “institutional racism” that depresses the price of ghetto homes and prevents black folks from “accumulating wealth” in their homes.

Mess with their heads. When you read an article like this, circle back on them:

“Wait! So what you are saying is that Atlanta has plenty of ‘affordable housing’ for blacks, but very little ‘affordable housing’ for whites? We need to eliminate this ‘institutional racism’ against whites! Whites need to have a ‘white homebuyers subsidy’ until this housing price disparity is eliminated!”

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I Want To Smooth Out My Rough Edges

When I send an email or start a conversation, I usually get going with whatever is on my mind, while the people I admire start with, “I trust you are well. I was just thinking about you and wondering how you were doing…”

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The Inner Logic of Civil Rights

From Chronicles Magazine: In 1861 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln launched a war of conquest against the South, and legend claims it was all for the abolition of slavery, officially declared by the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. Yet exactly 101 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the forcefully reinstated Union, signed the Civil Rights Act prohibiting “discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin.” As Martin Luther King, Jr., had put it the preceding year, “Americans one hundred years after, must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free,” and that equality was still a word unable to hide “segregation and racial injustice.”

I would like to suggest there is more than meets the eye in a claim that, taken at face value, may look reasonable, if not simply humane. As everyone knows, ideas have consequences—some immediate, others slowly unraveling as the idea gradually takes root in the public mind. The latter is precisely what happened with the idea that initiated the civil-rights movement.

In democratic societies, citizens are supposed to enjoy equal opportunity to achieve their happiness, whatever this may mean for each one. Which is what Thomas Jefferson said, declaring it self-evident that men, having been created equal, are endowed with unalienable rights, notably the right to the free pursuit of each one’s happiness. Which, in turn, entitled Martin Luther King, Jr., to see the Declaration of Independence as a “promissory note” to all Americans, handing each and every one a check to cash (to use his somewhat inelegant, but telling, wording) and making it patent injustice that blacks be refused free access to various public spaces from buses to theaters and universities, or submitted to discriminating limitations on voting.

With black soldiers having shed their blood for America’s sake during World War II, President Truman had already, in 1948, prohibited discrimination in the Armed Forces. Then the issue became a cause célèbre for the liberal WASPs, gently prodded by Comintern propagandists, and eager to show that, despite their money, they also had a democratic conscience: In the 60’s they turned into new crusaders faithful to MLK’s memory and his policy of nonviolent civil disobedience. But, by and by, there were none among them to venture beyond the demand “to open the doors of opportunity to all of God’s children”: What was unjust was to deprive “the Negro living on the lonely island of poverty” of the right to live up to the American dream, or to access “the vast ocean of material prosperity” through the same channels white people used—notably, education. For the most liberal, the injustice resided in the fact that the black man was refused the means to enter and sustain competition with the white, so that there could never be a black John D. Rockefeller. Hence LBJ’s new Act, whose only originality was to set up agencies to enforce nondiscrimination at the gates of the racetracks.

But this was just the beginning. Almost 50 years after President Johnson signed the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the evidence remains, not easy to dismiss, that despite all positive discrimination, resentment abides among the black population. As any election easily shows, black voters manifest a distinct tendency to vote en bloc, a bloc courted by Republicans and Democrats alike, as if it reflected a distinct body of citizens. Mr. Obama did not display any reluctance to be considered not only a messiah or savior, but a black one—though maybe not exclusively black, since there are now other minorities vying with blacks for public attention.

But I think it is also time to face reality. Very few are indeed willing to acknowledge that black resentment stems from the very fabric of our Western society, in general, and of American society, in particular. And by this I do not allude to the simplistic liberal opinion that a majority of white people are selfish racists and exploiters, which is simply stupid.

These societies, indeed, have two manifest gods: freedom and equality. Which is why they are democratic and free-market societies: A democracy is assumed to comprise utterly free and equal citizens, and a market a place for exchanges between individuals on a free and equal footing. In the political sphere no man is assumed to be a born leader, and every man deemed equally capable of dealing with public affairs; in the economic realm all are considered able to measure up to the American dream. And the common opinion prevails that there can be no freedom where there is no uniform equality, and no equality where there is no uniform freedom. These concepts are taken to be two sides of the same coin: This is common-sense democracy. But therein lies the rub, because democracy distorts these concepts in such a way as to make them collide.

If democracy means the sovereignty of the people, it means each citizen is a sovereign in his own right and is therefore endowed with a right to do as he pleases without taking leave of anyone but himself. Now, why should an individual endowed with such freedom be respectful of others? Of course, he may fear retaliation, or he may reckon it more rational in the long run not to behave toward others as he would not like them to behave toward him. But there is no inner restraint to his freedom, which makes it essentially an ability to serve his interest, without regard for others: The sovereignty of the people, or of individuals, means there can be no moral principle superior to the individual’s sovereign will. But then the sovereign freedom of each citizen makes him unresponsive to the call of equality. The more radical freedom there is, the less equality.

Read on.

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What Should Americans Put First?

How about America? This makes some Jews nervous because gentile nationalisms often exclude Jews.

By:Srdja Trifkovic | May 02, 2016

Donald Trump’s foreign policy speech last Wednesday deserves at least a solid B+ and you can read my take on it in the June issue of Chronicles. It offered an eloquent argument for offensive realism, based on the fact that the international system—composed of sovereign nation-states pursuing their interests—is still essentially competitive and Hobbesian. Trump is the only candidate who understands this cardinal fact, and who unambiguously states America is not and should not be an exception to that timeless principle.

There was no room in the column to consider in detail one aspect of Trump’s speech which has elicited a chorus of mainstream media and Jewish disapproval: his use of the term “America First.” The CNN asserted that the phrase “refers to the America First movement in the early 1940s, in which some elements were associated with anti-semitism and U.S. nationalism in the lead-up to World War II.” Note how “anti-semitism” and “U.S. nationalism” are neatly banded together, with the implication that they are in the same political and moral league.

Bloomberg’s columnist Eli Lake explicitly connected “Trump’s new slogan” with the “Nazi era,” thus reviving this “toxic” phrase which had long been banished from “respectable discourse.” He even accused Trump of emulating Charles Lindbergh’s attacks on FDR in his “personal aspersions against President Obama.” Lake—an “Israel Firster” if there ever was one—went on to claim that “Trump’s Lindbergh-like instincts were apparent in his speech” when he said he would ask NATO allies to pay a fair share for their defense, or else “the U.S. must be prepared to let them defend themselves.” As a cynic commented on informationliberation.com, “The term ‘America First’ was associated with something different in the past, therefore it pretty much means the same thing today, even though it doesn’t. Understand?” (Perhaps nothing better was to be expected from a journalist who five years ago eagerly propagated the atocity lie that Russian agents had bombed the U.S. embassy in Georgia.)

The Anti-Defamation League urged Trump to “reconsider” using the phrase. According to ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt, the America First movement was characterized by “the undercurrents of anti-semitism and bigotry” and “for many Americans, the term ‘America First’ will always be associated with and tainted by this history . . . associated with incivility and intolerance.”

“It doesn’t seem to matter to trump that America Firsters didn’t want to beat the Nazis,” tweeted Jeffrey Goldberg, an Atlantic columnist. He seems unaware that an overwhelming majority of Americans didn’t want to fight anyone in particular in yet another European war, that FDR won the 1940 election in part thanks to his pledge to keep the United States out of that war—more than a year after it had started—and that in the end it was “the Nazis” who declared war on the U.S. in December 1941, three days after Pearl Harbor. (Let it be recalled that Goldberg’s cover story for the April 2015 issue of the Atlantic was “Is it time for Jews to leave Europe?” As Antony Lerman, former director of the Institute for Jewish Policy Research has noted, with friends like Goldberg the Jews need no enemies.)

What we are dealing with is an example of the establishment’s reductive propaganda based on the logical fallacy of false equivalence. Along those lines, since the Deutschlandlied—proudly proclaiming that Germany stands “above all else”—is Germany’s national anthem today, just as it was during the Nazi era (1933-45), the Federal Republic equals the Third Reich. As infowars.com columnist has summarized it, “Trump is popular. Hitler was popular. Therefore Trump = Hitler. Trump promises to look out for America’s best interests. Hitler promised to look out for Germany’s best interests. Therefore Trump = Hitler.” The real objective of the campaign is to suggest that having the audacity to put one’s own country’s interests first is reactionary at best, and more likely indicative of “U.S. nationalism”—which is symbiotically linked to antisemitism and has a toxic history of bigotry, incivility, intolerance etc.

The antiwar movement of 1940-41 has been brazenly demonized, and the history of the America First Committee (AFC) systematically misrepresented for decades by the same people who simultaneously promote a depraved mass culture, multiculturalist indoctrination and mass immigration in order to neutralize the Americans’ sense of historical and cultural identity. Trump’s detractors believe that we should not feel a special bond for any particular country or nation (except, in Eli Lake’s case, to Israel), but transfer our loyalties and preferences to “the international community.” Such notions have been internalized by the American elite class and the establishment of both major parties. Back in 1999 then-Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott felt ready to declare that the United States may not exist “in its current form” in the 21st century, because the very concept of nationhood—here and throughout the world—will have been rendered obsolete: “All countries are basically social arrangements, accommodations to changing circumstances. No matter how permanent and even sacred they may seem at any one time, in fact they are all artificial and temporary.”

Read more.

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WHY HAVE WOMEN BECOME LEFT-WING? THE POLITICAL GENDER GAP AND THE DECLINE IN MARRIAGE

Abstract: The last three decades have witnessed the rise of a political gender gap in the United States wherein more women than men favor the Democratic party. We trace this development to the decline in marriage, which we posit has made men richer and women poorer. Data for the United States support this argument. First, there is a strong positive correlation between state divorce prevalence and the political gender gap – higher divorce
prevalence reduces support for the Democrats among men but not
women. Second, longitudinal data show that following marriage (divorce), women are less (more) likely to support the Democratic party.

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Is There Anything Good About Men?

Roy Baumeister writes: You’re probably thinking that a talk called “Is there anything good about men” will be a short talk! Recent writings have not had much good to say about men. Titles like “Men Are Not Cost Effective” speak for themselves. Maureen Dowd’s book was called “Are Men Necessary?” and although she never gave an explicit answer, anyone reading the book knows her answer was no. Brizendine’s book “The Female Brain” introduces itself by saying, “Men, get ready to experience brain envy.” Imagine a book advertising itself by saying that women will soon be envying the superior male brain!

Nor are these isolated examples. Eagly’s research has compiled mountains of data on the stereotypes people have about men and women,which the researchers summarized as “The WAW effect.” WAW stands for “Women Are Wonderful.” Both men and women hold much more favorable views of women than of men. Almost everybody likes women better than men. I certainly do.

My purpose in this talk is not to try to balance this out by praising men, though along the way I will have various positive things to say about both genders. The question of whether there’s anything good about men is only my point of departure. The tentative title of the book I’m writing is “How culture exploits men,” but even that for me is the lead-in to grand questions about how culture shapes action. In that context, what’s good about men means what men are good for, from the perspective of the system.
Hence this is not about the “battle of the sexes,” and in fact I think one unfortunate legacy of feminism has been the idea that men and women are basically enemies.I shall suggest, instead, that most often men and women have been partners,supporting each other rather than exploiting or manipulating each other.
Nor is this about trying to argue that men should be regarded as victims. I detest the whole idea of competing tobe victims. And I’m certainly not denying that culture has exploited women. But rather than seeing culture as patriarchy, which is to say a conspiracy by mento exploit women, I think it’s more accurate to understand culture (e.g., a country, a religion) as an abstract system that competes against rival systems— and that uses both men and women, often in different ways, to advance its cause.
Also I think it’s best to avoid value judgments as much as possible. They have made discussion of gender politics very difficult and sensitive, thereby warping the play of ideas. I have no conclusions to present about what’s good or bad or how the world should change. In fact my own theory is built around tradeoffs, so that whenever there is something good it is tied to something else that is bad, and they balance out.
I don’t want to be on anybody’s side. Gender warriors please go home.

Men on Top
When I say I am researching how culture exploits men, the first reaction is usually “How can you say culture exploits men, when men are in charge of everything?” This is a fair objection and needs to betaken seriously. It invokes the feminist critique of society. This critique started when some women systematically looked up at the top of society and saw men everywhere: most world rulers, presidents, prime ministers, most members of Congress and parliaments, most CEOs of major corporations, and so forth — these are mostly men.
Seeing all this, the feminists thought, wow, men dominate everything, so society is set up to favor men. It must be great to be a man.
The mistake in that way of thinking is to look only at the top. If one were to look downward to the bottom of society instead, one finds mostly men there too. Who’s in prison, all over the world, as criminals or political prisoners? The population on Death Row has never approached 51% female. Who’s homeless? Again, mostly men.Whom does society use for bad or dangerous jobs? US Department of Labor statistics report that 93% of the people killed on the job are men. Likewise,who gets killed in battle? Even in today’s American army, which has made much of integrating the sexes and putting women into combat, the risks aren’t equal.This year we passed the milestone of 3,000 deaths in Iraq, and of those, 2,938were men, 62 were women.
One can imagine an ancient battle in which the enemy was driven off and the city saved,and the returning soldiers are showered with gold coins. An early feminist might protest that hey, all those men are getting gold coins,half of those coins should go to women. In principle, I agree. But remember,while the men you see are getting gold coins, there are other men you don’t see, who are still bleeding to death on the battlefield from spear wounds.
That’s an important first clue to how culture uses men. Culture has plenty of tradeoffs,in which it needs people to do dangerous or risky things, and so it offers big rewards to motivate people to take those risks. Most cultures have tended to use men for these high-risk, high-payoffs lots much more than women. I shall propose there are important pragmatic reasons for this. The result is that some men reap big rewards while others have their lives ruined or even cut short. Most cultures shield their women from the risk and therefore also don’t give them the big rewards. I’m not saying this is what cultures ought to do, morally, but cultures aren’t moral beings. They do what they do for pragmatic reasons driven by competition against other systems and other groups.

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Why Men Gave Up Polygamy

Dr. David J. Ley writes: A question I’ve pondered over recent years, has been why men in so many cultures gave up the right and tradition to have multiple wives? Historically, polygyny has been one of the most common and prevalent forms of marriage, worldwide. But, in modern Western culture, men with multiple wives are seen as sinners and lawbreakers.

This flies in the face of increasing evidence that for many men (though not all), there are genetic, biological and psychological factors that dispose them to not be monogamous. As my colleague Eric Anderson argues in his new well-researched book, The Monogamy Gap, there is increasing evidence that monogamy is not a natural state for males, a dilemma which contributes to high rates of pornography use, infidelity, and marital difficulties. Anderson makes a clever point, suggesting that infidelity actually is a “part” of monogamy, asserting that for such men, sexual infidelity is a way to stay monogamous to a single partner. Remember that monogamy as a term does not describe sexual fidelity, but merely the act of marriage to a single person. In our current usage, we blur the concepts though, especially in the world we live in, where sexual fidelity is seen as the ultimate expression of love and commitment.

So, as I’ve seen this rising evidence that demanding sexual fidelity of men is challenging, to say the least, I’ve wondered why and how it is that societies came to adopt monogamy (meaning sexual fidelity to a single person, and men having only one wife). If Western culture and American society really have been dominated by patriarchal control (I’m not so sure this as true as we think; Baumeister’s book Is There Anything Good About Men is a delightful challenge to this assumption), why would these men in charge give up the right to have multiple wives?

And now, here’s the answer. In “The puzzle of monogamous marriage” (see, I wasn’t the only one puzzled by this) by Henrich, Boyd and Richerson, the authors present evidence that monogamy actually has significant social benefits. In polygyny, powerful men gather the most desirable women for themselves. And less powerful men “go hungry,” wifeless. In fact, throughout human history, while 80% of women have reproduced, only 40% of men have. Those men who couldn’t compete, didn’t get to have even a single wife, and thus didn’t have children. So, what did those men do with their time? According to Henrich, Boyd and Richerson, it appears they got into lots of trouble. Societies where polygyny has been (and still is) practiced, have higher rates of violent crime, poverty, and other types of crime such as fraud. Apparently, if you can’t get a wife, what’s the point of following the rules?

In fact, other research shows that polygynous cultures also end up with men caring less about the needs of their children, contributing less overall to family subsistence needs, and placing higher value on male aggression.

So, through a (probably unconscious) social process, societies have gravitated towards emphasis and requirement of monogamous marriages, because it smoothes out some significant social problems. By “sharing” out the women amongst a society’s men, and allowing all men a democratic chance to get married, men spend more time worrying about looking like good potential mates, and have less time and energy to break the rules and get in trouble.

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New study finds our desire for ‘like-minded others’ is hard-wired

NEWS: A path-breaking new study on how we seek similarity in relationships, co-authored by researchers at Wellesley College and the University of Kansas, upends the idea that “opposites attract,” instead suggesting we’re drawn to people who are like-minded. The study could lead to a fundamental change in understanding relationship formation—and it sounds a warning for the idea that couples can change each other over time.
The investigation’s findings are presented in “Similarity in Relationships as Niche Construction: Choice, Stability, and Influence Within Dyads in a Free Choice Environment,” in the current issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the field’s most respected journal. Assistant Professor of Psychology Angela Bahns (Wellesley College) and Professor of Psychology Chris Crandall (University of Kansas) are the paper’s lead authors.
In what might be considered a paradigm shift, the study’s most surprising discovery is that people in relationships change each other over time. Instead, Bahns and Crandall’s evidence places new emphasis on the earliest moments of a relationship—revealing that future friends or partners are already similar at the outset of their social connection, a major new finding, say the authors.
“Picture two strangers striking up a conversation on a plane, or a couple on a blind date,” says Bahns. “From the very first moments of awkward banter, how similar the two people are is immediately and powerfully playing a role in future interactions. Will they connect? Or walk away? Those early recognitions of similarity are really consequential in that decision.”
Whether or not a relationship develops could depend on the level of similarity the two individuals share from the beginning of their meeting. “You try to create a social world where you’re comfortable, where you succeed, where you have people you can trust and with whom you can cooperate to meet your goals,” Crandall said. “To create this, similarity is very useful, and people are attracted to it most of the time.”
Bahns adds, “Though the idea that partners influence each other is central in relationships research, we have identified a large domain in which friends show very little change— personality, attitudes and values, and a selection of socially-relevant behaviors.” She explains, “To be clear, we do not mean to suggest that social influence doesn’t happen in relationships; however, there’s little room for influence to occur when partners are similar at the outset of relationships.”
The data also suggests our drive to select like-minded others may be far stronger than previously assumed. “We’re arguing that selecting similar others as relationship partners is extremely common—so common and so widespread on so many dimensions that it could be described as a psychological default,” explains Bahns.
Bahns and Crandall stress the research shows people are not seeking shared similarity on one or two particular topics. “People are more similar than chance on almost everything we measure, and they are especially similar on the things that matter most to them personally,” Bahns said.
The study has major implications for how we grasp the foundations of relationships and approach relationships when the partners are different. Its findings were derived from real-world relationships. Data came from a field-research method dubbed “free-range dyad harvesting,” in which pairs of people interacting in public (romantic couples, friends, acquaintances) were asked questions about attitudes, values, prejudices, personality traits or behaviors that are important to them. The data were compared to see how similar or different the pairs were, and to test whether pairs who had known each other longer and whose relationships were closer and more intimate were more similar than newly formed pairs. They were not. Additionally, the researchers surveyed pairs who had just met (in a college classroom setting), and then surveyed the same pairs later. This allowed the benefit of longitudinal data, painting a picture of the same pairs over time.

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Volunteer Participation Hits Record Low

The more diverse America becomes, the less people volunteer.

REPORT: The percentage of the population who has volunteered at least once in the past year has hit the lowest level ever recorded, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

There were about 62.6 million people who volunteered through or for an organization at least once between September 2014 and September 2015, representing 24.9 percent of the population. This declined by 0.4 percentage points from the previous year.

The agency has been tracking these data since 2002, and at that time, 27.6 percent of the population participated in some sort of volunteering work. Since then, volunteering participation hit its peak in 2003, 2004, and 2005, when it hit 28.8 percent.

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Does Ethnic Diversity Have a Negative Effect on Attitudes towards the Community? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Causal Claims within the Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion Debate

Abstract: Studies demonstrate a negative association between community ethnic diversity and indicators of social cohesion (especially attitudes towards neighbours and the community), suggesting diversity causes a decline in social cohesion. However, to date, the evidence for this claim is based solely oncross-sectional research. This article performs the first longitudinal test of the impact of diversity,applying fixed-effects modelling methods to three waves of panel data from the British Household Panel Survey, spanning a period of 18 years. Using an indicator of affective attachment, the findingssuggest that changes in community diversity do lead to changes in attitudes towards the community. However, this effect differs by whether the change in diversity stems from a community increasing diversity around individuals who do not move (stayers) or individuals moving into more or less diverse communities (movers). Increasing diversity undermines attitudes among stayers.

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