I notice that The Atlantic’s Jonathan Rauch says the Trump administration is fascist.
ChatGPT says: From an Alliance Theory perspective, the word “fascism” in American politics functions less as a precise historical diagnosis and more as an alliance-labeling weapon.
Alliance Theory starts from two claims.
People are organized primarily by coalitions of allies and rivals, not by abstract doctrines.
Moral language is used to signal loyalty to one’s own side and to delegitimize the opposing coalition.
In that framework, calling an opponent “fascist” serves three alliance functions.
Enemy moralization
“Fascist” is one of the strongest available negative tags in Western political culture. It collapses many different behaviors and positions into a single category of absolute illegitimacy. Alliance Theory predicts that rival coalitions will use the most morally toxic historical analogy available to place the out-group beyond the bounds of normal political disagreement.
Boundary enforcement
Accusations of fascism are not mainly aimed at persuading the other side. They are aimed at one’s own side. They signal that cooperation, compromise, or sympathy with the accused group is a form of betrayal. This hardens in-group boundaries and discourages defection. In alliance terms, it raises the cost of cross-coalition bridging.
Transitivity maintenance
By labeling one coalition “fascist,” all groups opposed to fascism are implicitly placed in the same moral camp. This creates transitivity. If A is anti-fascist and B is anti-fascist, then A and B are allies, even if they disagree on many policies. The label helps coordinate broad coalitions against a common enemy.
Applied to Trump.
From an Alliance Theory view, calling Trump “fascist” is less about a technical comparison to Mussolini or Hitler and more about classifying his coalition as:
Authoritarian
Illegitimate
Outside the democratic moral order
A threat to the existing institutional alliance structure
The term functions to mobilize and unify groups whose primary shared feature is opposition to the MAGA coalition, even if they differ internally on economics, culture, or foreign policy.
Applied to Jonah Goldberg’s Liberal Fascism.
Goldberg’s argument can be read, in alliance terms, as an attempt to reverse the moral weapon. By labeling aspects of progressive politics “fascist,” he sought to:
Reassign the historical stigma from the right to the left
Recast progressive state power, mass mobilization, and moral regulation as belonging to the same enemy category
Protect the conservative coalition from exclusive ownership of the “fascism” label
This is classic alliance counter-framing. When one side monopolizes a morally devastating category, the other side attempts to show symmetry, historical continuity, or category misuse in order to weaken its boundary-policing power.
Why the term is used so loosely.
Alliance Theory predicts that in highly polarized systems:
Historical categories will be stretched.
Analogies will become moral rather than analytical.
Concepts like “fascism” will be used primarily to sort friends from enemies, not to classify regimes with scholarly precision.
Once politics becomes a struggle between two large, emotionally fused super-alliances, the dominant question is not “What ideology is this?” but “Are you with us or against us?” “Fascist” becomes a shorthand for “on the wrong side of the alliance boundary and therefore dangerous.”
So in Alliance Theory terms:
The ubiquity of “fascism” accusations does not primarily reflect a widespread belief that the United States is recreating 1930s Europe.
It reflects the use of maximal moral condemnation to stabilize coalitions, enforce loyalty, and delegitimize rival alliance systems.
