In his second lecture on R. Shlomo Yosef Zevin for Torah in Motion, historian Marc B. Shapiro says: Every Jew knows that if you had only one Jewish grandparent, you were sent to the camps.
Not true. If you had two Jewish grandparents and you identified as a Jew and you went to synagogue, then you were on the train to Auschwitz, but if you didn’t identify as Jewish and you had two Jewish grandparents, you weren’t sent to the camps.