Category Archives: Literature

Walt Whitman: A Life

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) stands among the founders of modern American poetry. His central work, Leaves of Grass, first appears in 1855 and grows through repeated revision across the rest of his life. Whitman breaks with inherited poetic form. He writes … Continue reading

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Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Life

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) stands at the center of nineteenth-century American Transcendentalism. He worked to build a national philosophy out of native materials, and he grounded that philosophy in individual judgment, spiritual self-culture, and direct experience. His writings supplied the … Continue reading

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Henry David Thoreau: A Life in Method

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) stands at the source of several traditions that later separated into distinct fields. He wrote prose that helped fix an American literary style. He reasoned about conscience in ways that shaped modern theories of civil resistance. … Continue reading

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Toni Morrison: The Architect of an American Literature

Toni Morrison (1931-2019) worked as a novelist, an editor, a critic, a teacher, and a public intellectual, and across those roles she changed both the content of American literature and the assumptions through which scholars and readers had long interpreted … Continue reading

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Richmal Crompton and the Author She Meant to Be

Richmal Crompton (1890-1969) holds an unusual place in English letters. She wrote for nearly half a century, sold millions of copies, and created a fictional child who entered the national imagination. Readers know her as the author of the Just … Continue reading

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Henty’s Classroom: Adventure Fiction and the Reproduction of Victorian Britain

George Alfred Henty holds a peculiar place in the cultural history of Victorian Britain. Memory reduces him to a writer of boys’ adventure stories. The reduction misses most of what he was. Henty stood at the crossing point of journalism, … Continue reading

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Reading as Revelation: The Intellectual World of Harold Bloom

Across a career that ran more than six decades, Harold Bloom (1930-2019) reshaped the academic study of literature, and mounted the last sustained defense of aesthetic judgment as the proper task of criticism. He wrote as a theorist of influence, … Continue reading

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James Wood and the Last Defense of the Novel

James Wood (b. 1965) arrived at the moment when the authority of literary criticism was collapsing and for a generation restored the role of the critic as a feared and consequential public judge. His career traces the institutional migration of … Continue reading

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The Password and the Argument: Merve Emre Among Her Set

Merve Emre (b. 1985) belongs to the cohort of American critics who came up as the humanities lost their old footing and criticism migrated from the seminar room to the prestige magazine, the podcast, and the festival stage.  She was … Continue reading

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Sianne Ngai and the Emotional Texture of Late Capitalism

Sianne Ngai (b. 1971) is a literary theorist whose work reorganized how scholars in the humanities describe emotion, aesthetic judgment, and the everyday feeling of life under capitalism. She built a vocabulary for the weak, compromised, and politically ambiguous affects … Continue reading

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